Theory 38/Transport & flow/Water hammer
Hammer Is a Wave Timing Ratio
The claim
Water hammer pressure is set by the ratio of valve closure time to wave travel time, so a slow closure avoids the surge a fast one produces.
01Mechanism
If the valve closes before the pressure wave returns, the full surge develops.
02Prediction
Surge should track the time ratio.
03Refutation
Surge tracking flow velocity would remove closure timing.