[{"uid":"900--S1-0014","id":"S1-0014","volume":"900","title":"A curved capillary branch should delay liquid invasion through air compression before breakthrough.","prediction":"A curved capillary branch should delay liquid invasion through air compression before breakthrough.","test":"Record meniscus motion in sealed and vented branches.","contrary":"Breakthrough ignores trapped-air volume.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S1-0014","hypothesis":"A curved capillary branch should delay liquid invasion through air compression before breakthrough.","prediction":"A curved capillary branch should delay liquid invasion through air compression before breakthrough.","test":"Record meniscus motion in sealed and vented branches.","contrary_outcome":"Breakthrough ignores trapped-air volume.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, not Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S1-0014","hypothesis":"A curved capillary branch should delay liquid invasion through air compression before breakthrough.","prediction":"A curved capillary branch should delay liquid invasion through air compression before breakthrough.","test":"Record meniscus motion in sealed and vented branches.","contrary_outcome":"Breakthrough ignores trapped-air volume.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, not Cartesian expansion","selection_rank":3,"selection_basis":"Subjective priority: interpretable intervention, observable endpoint, accessible benchtop control; retained to span mechanisms. Rank is editorial, not calculated probability.","query":"A curved capillary branch delay liquid invasion through air compression before breakthrough. experimental mechanism"},"dossier":{"id":"S1-0014","title":"Trapped-air capillary delay","why_selected":"Clear sealed-versus-vented intervention, inexpensive transparent apparatus, and a parameter with a model-predicted sign. Strong prior art makes this a replication/extension candidate rather than a novelty claim.","sources":[{"title":"Dynamics of a Capillary Invasion in a Closed-End Capillary","url":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la501927c","access":"Publisher abstract read","finding":"The authors report theoretical and experimental closed-capillary invasion with compressed gas; their predicted early oscillations were not observed experimentally. This is direct related work and a warning against treating an ideal transient model as physical proof."}],"design":"Fabricate a transparent curved branch of measured area A with exchangeable terminal air volumes V0 and a separate vent. Record meniscus position at sufficient frame rate to resolve the slowest observed front. Keep liquid batch, branch surface preparation, inlet head, temperature, and starting meniscus fixed. Use at least five independently assembled branches per design, randomize test order, and repeat three starts per branch. Determine final replication after a variance pilot; these counts are planning choices, not a power calculation.","endpoints":"Primary: time to a preregistered meniscus station, seconds. Secondary: arrest distance, pressure at release, and residual gas volume. Define failure before testing: no positive relationship between terminal-gas confinement and delay above measurement uncertainty.","controls":"Same channel vented; sealed straight branch with equal hydraulic resistance; known external pressure ramp; leak test; independent contact-angle and temperature checks. Curvature itself may alter wetting, so do not attribute a sealed/vented difference uniquely to curvature.","conditional_analysis":"Assume isothermal ideal gas, no dissolution/leakage, uniform area, and meniscus advance x with 0<Ax<V0. Then p_g(x)=p0*V0/(V0-Ax), and dp_g/dx=p0*V0*A/(V0-Ax)^2>0. Thus gas opposition increases with invasion within this assumed model. This derivative does not prove delayed breakthrough in a real curved branch: viscous losses, dynamic contact angle, compliance, and finite forcing determine whether breakthrough occurs at all. Adiabatic and dissolving-gas alternatives must be fitted separately.","analysis_plan":"Fit branch-level delay versus V0 using uncertainty in position and pressure; report raw traces, confidence intervals, and all non-invasion trials rather than discarding them. Compare sealed/vented contrasts within matched branches. Reject the claimed useful effect if the interval includes the preregistered minimum useful delay or if a leak/wetting explanation accounts for it.","limitations":"Unproved physical proposal. Literature already supports the broad trapped-gas mechanism; no discovery or global novelty claim. No physical data were collected.","rank":1,"hypothesis":"A curved capillary branch should delay liquid invasion through air compression before breakthrough.","status":"speculative; no physical proof; no physical data collected"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90/Selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900--S1-0039","id":"S1-0039","volume":"900","title":"A flexible optical grating on a cylindrical support should distinguish bending from uniform temperature through opposite-side diffraction shifts.","prediction":"A flexible optical grating on a cylindrical support should distinguish bending from uniform temperature through opposite-side diffraction shifts.","test":"Apply calibrated curvature and heating.","contrary":"Both perturbations produce indistinguishable signals.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical","energy","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S1-0039","hypothesis":"A flexible optical grating on a cylindrical support should distinguish bending from uniform temperature through opposite-side diffraction shifts.","prediction":"A flexible optical grating on a cylindrical support should distinguish bending from uniform temperature through opposite-side diffraction shifts.","test":"Apply calibrated curvature and heating.","contrary_outcome":"Both perturbations produce indistinguishable signals.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, not Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S1-0039","hypothesis":"A flexible optical grating on a cylindrical support should distinguish bending from uniform temperature through opposite-side diffraction shifts.","prediction":"A flexible optical grating on a cylindrical support should distinguish bending from uniform temperature through opposite-side diffraction shifts.","test":"Apply calibrated curvature and heating.","contrary_outcome":"Both perturbations produce indistinguishable signals.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, not Cartesian expansion","selection_rank":6,"selection_basis":"Subjective priority: interpretable intervention, observable endpoint, accessible benchtop control; retained to span mechanisms. Rank is editorial, not calculated probability.","query":"A flexible optical grating on a cylindrical support distinguish bending from uniform temperature through opposite-side diffraction shifts. experimental mechanism"},"dossier":{"id":"S1-0039","title":"Opposed diffraction channels for bend/temperature separation","why_selected":"A paired-signal experiment admits a transparent identifiability calculation and direct nuisance-variable controls.","sources":[{"title":"Simultaneous Vector Bend and Temperature Sensing Based on a Polymer and Silica Optical Fibre Grating Pair","url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s18103507","access":"Primary publication metadata located; PMC access challenged","finding":"The title and metadata establish prior work on simultaneous bend/temperature sensing using paired gratings. They do not establish performance of the proposed opposite-side surface grating geometry."}],"design":"Place nominally matched diffraction films on opposite sides of a cylindrical elastic support. Illuminate at fixed geometry and track diffraction angles with a calibrated camera. Independently vary curvature using a measured bending jig and temperature in a slow, uniform enclosure; include a crossed grid of curvature and temperature conditions. Use five independently mounted pairs and randomized condition order, followed by held-out combined perturbations.","endpoints":"Primary: held-out curvature error at changing temperature. Secondary: temperature estimation error and condition number of the measured 2x2 sensitivity matrix. An initial design goal is at least a twofold reduction of thermal cross-error against either channel alone; this is a proposed criterion, not an achieved result.","controls":"Rigid unbent reference, reversed illumination, exchanged top/bottom films, thermal-gradient measurement, camera scale reference, and independent curvature gauge. Track adhesive creep and support expansion separately.","conditional_analysis":"For ideal matched channels y+=a*T+b*k and y-=a*T-b*k, T=(y++y-)/(2a) and k=(y+-y-)/(2b), provided a and b are nonzero. The determinant is -2ab, so the assumed linear map is invertible. Real coefficients must be independently calibrated; unequal thermal coefficients and gradients leave residual error. The algebra proves only identifiability of this assumed map, not the physical symmetry or measurement accuracy.","analysis_plan":"Estimate the full matrix on training conditions, propagate angle uncertainty through its inverse, and publish held-out prediction errors against single-channel baselines. Reject useful separation if the matrix is effectively singular at the measured noise level or if calibration fails across thermal cycles.","limitations":"Unproved geometry-specific claim; simultaneous sensing is established prior art. Source access was limited to metadata for this paper. No data or novel theorem claimed.","rank":2,"hypothesis":"A flexible optical grating on a cylindrical support should distinguish bending from uniform temperature through opposite-side diffraction shifts.","status":"speculative; no physical proof; no physical data collected"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90/Selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900--S1-0065","id":"S1-0065","volume":"900","title":"A cam-guided compression spring should deliver approximately constant output torque across a designed angular range.","prediction":"A cam-guided compression spring should deliver approximately constant output torque across a designed angular range.","test":"Measure torque against the inverse-cam model.","contrary":"Torque variation exceeds the bare-spring control.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S1-0065","hypothesis":"A cam-guided compression spring should deliver approximately constant output torque across a designed angular range.","prediction":"A cam-guided compression spring should deliver approximately constant output torque across a designed angular range.","test":"Measure torque against the inverse-cam model.","contrary_outcome":"Torque variation exceeds the bare-spring control.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, not Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S1-0065","hypothesis":"A cam-guided compression spring should deliver approximately constant output torque across a designed angular range.","prediction":"A cam-guided compression spring should deliver approximately constant output torque across a designed angular range.","test":"Measure torque against the inverse-cam model.","contrary_outcome":"Torque variation exceeds the bare-spring control.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, not Cartesian expansion","selection_rank":9,"selection_basis":"Subjective priority: interpretable intervention, observable endpoint, accessible benchtop control; retained to span mechanisms. Rank is editorial, not calculated probability.","query":"A cam-guided compression spring deliver approximately constant output torque across a designed angular range. experimental mechanism"},"dossier":{"id":"S1-0065","title":"Constant-torque cam and compression spring","why_selected":"The energy calculation is unusually strong under explicit assumptions, while a low-cost torque test can expose frictional departures. This is an engineering verification direction with obvious prior art.","sources":[{"title":"Design and experimental validation of a cam-based constant-force compression mechanism with friction considered","url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0954406218806015","access":"Publisher abstract read","finding":"Li, Cheng, and Xie describe cam/spring constant-force prototypes and explicitly treat sliding and rolling friction. This supports feasibility of the broader design family and directly limits novelty of a cam-shaped output proposal."}],"design":"Use a measured linear compression spring and a CNC/printed cam driven quasistatically through a roller follower. Select finite angle interval [0,Theta] and positive preload x0 to avoid a singular cam slope. Measure spring compression, angle, and torque on loading/unloading. Build five independent cams, test three slow speeds, and compare with a circular cam at matched stored energy.","endpoints":"Primary: torque range divided by mean torque over the central designed interval. Secondary: hysteresis-loop work, peak contact force, and wear-induced drift. Proposed success criterion: at least 50% less normalized torque variation than the circular control without loss of stable contact.","controls":"Bare spring calibration; circular cam; unloaded bearing torque; reverse rotation; roller versus sliding follower; repeated mounting. Preload and follower geometry must be measured rather than treated as exact CAD values.","conditional_analysis":"For a frictionless quasistatic linear spring U=k*x(theta)^2/2. Choose x(theta)=sqrt(x0^2+2*tau0*theta/k), with k>0, x0>0, tau0>0. Then dU/dtheta=k*x*dx/dtheta=tau0 exactly. This proves constant generalized torque only in the assumed lossless spring-and-cam model. It does not prove a manufactured cam has that profile, negligible friction, linear stiffness, or acceptable contact stress. A passive mechanism cannot deliver positive work indefinitely without recharging the spring.","analysis_plan":"Compare measured torque against tau0 plus independently measured bearing/friction contributions; plot complete hysteresis loops and uncertainty bands. Reject the physical claim if torque flatness or contact stability fails the preregistered criterion. Keep model predictions distinct from observations.","limitations":"The conditional calculation is standard energy mechanics, not an original mathematical discovery. Physical performance remains untested; substantial related prior art exists.","rank":3,"hypothesis":"A cam-guided compression spring should deliver approximately constant output torque across a designed angular range.","status":"speculative; no physical proof; no physical data collected"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90/Selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900--S1-0401","id":"S1-0401","volume":"900","title":"A passive optical cavity should distinguish dust deposition from mirror motion through unequal changes in linewidth and resonance frequency.","prediction":"A passive optical cavity should distinguish dust deposition from mirror motion through unequal changes in linewidth and resonance frequency.","test":"Deposit calibrated inert dust.","contrary":"Perturbations remain inseparable.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S1-0401","hypothesis":"A passive optical cavity should distinguish dust deposition from mirror motion through unequal changes in linewidth and resonance frequency.","prediction":"A passive optical cavity should distinguish dust deposition from mirror motion through unequal changes in linewidth and resonance frequency.","test":"Deposit calibrated inert dust.","contrary_outcome":"Perturbations remain inseparable.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, not Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S1-0401","hypothesis":"A passive optical cavity should distinguish dust deposition from mirror motion through unequal changes in linewidth and resonance frequency.","prediction":"A passive optical cavity should distinguish dust deposition from mirror motion through unequal changes in linewidth and resonance frequency.","test":"Deposit calibrated inert dust.","contrary_outcome":"Perturbations remain inseparable.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, not Cartesian expansion","selection_rank":41,"selection_basis":"Subjective priority: interpretable intervention, observable endpoint, accessible benchtop control; retained to span mechanisms. Rank is editorial, not calculated probability.","query":"A passive optical cavity distinguish dust deposition from mirror motion through unequal changes in linewidth and resonance frequency. experimental mechanism"},"dossier":{"id":"S1-0401","title":"Dust versus displacement in an optical cavity","why_selected":"Two different observables may separate geometric path change from optical loss, but the proposal has a clear confounding test and could fail decisively.","sources":[{"title":"Dynamic response of a Fabry–Perot interferometer","url":"https://opg.optica.org/josab/abstract.cfm?uri=josab-16-4-523","access":"Publisher abstract read","finding":"The authors predict and measure cavity-field response to cavity-length and laser-frequency changes. This supports length sensitivity as background, but supplies no direct dust/displacement discrimination evidence."}],"design":"Use an enclosed low-power scanned optical cavity with a calibrated translation stage on one mirror. Introduce removable inert dust-coated witness surfaces at controlled positions without aerosolizing particles. Independently vary displacement and deposition, then test mixed conditions. Fit resonance center, linewidth, and contrast from the full scan rather than a single intensity reading. Use independently prepared witness samples and blind the mixed-condition labels during fitting.","endpoints":"Primary: misclassification rate between dust-only and displacement-only perturbations matched in peak-intensity effect. Secondary: displacement error under dust and sensitivity-matrix conditioning. Predefine a useful error target after measuring instrument noise, before testing mixed cases.","controls":"Clean witness exchange; laser-frequency reference; angular misalignment; source-power drift; temperature variation; deliberate scatter-free displacement. Dust can shift phase and alignment as well as loss, so linewidth is not assumed dust-specific.","conditional_analysis":"Locally let the observable vector be y=(resonance shift,linewidth change) and perturbations z=(displacement,dust load). If the calibrated Jacobian J has nonzero determinant, z is locally identifiable in the linear approximation: z=J^-1*y. With noise covariance Sigma, propagated covariance is J^-1*Sigma*(J^-1)^T. This is a conditional inversion result, not a theorem that dust and displacement yield independent signatures. A nearly singular J invalidates useful separation.","analysis_plan":"Estimate J from separate perturbations, evaluate singular values, then test held-out mixtures and report confusion matrices with uncertainty. Reject the proposal if angular or thermal controls recreate the dust signature or if held-out estimates are unstable.","limitations":"Unproved physical claim. Retrieved primary background treats cavity dynamics, not the proposed dust classifier. No physical data, classification success, or novelty established.","rank":4,"hypothesis":"A passive optical cavity should distinguish dust deposition from mirror motion through unequal changes in linewidth and resonance frequency.","status":"speculative; no physical proof; no physical data collected"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90/Selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900--S1-0413","id":"S1-0413","volume":"900","title":"A phase-shifted heating pair should identify thermal contact resistance independently of sample conductivity.","prediction":"A phase-shifted heating pair should identify thermal contact resistance independently of sample conductivity.","test":"Measure surface temperature fields.","contrary":"Parameters remain nonidentifiable.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["energy","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S1-0413","hypothesis":"A phase-shifted heating pair should identify thermal contact resistance independently of sample conductivity.","prediction":"A phase-shifted heating pair should identify thermal contact resistance independently of sample conductivity.","test":"Measure surface temperature fields.","contrary_outcome":"Parameters remain nonidentifiable.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, not Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S1-0413","hypothesis":"A phase-shifted heating pair should identify thermal contact resistance independently of sample conductivity.","prediction":"A phase-shifted heating pair should identify thermal contact resistance independently of sample conductivity.","test":"Measure surface temperature fields.","contrary_outcome":"Parameters remain nonidentifiable.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, not Cartesian expansion","selection_rank":42,"selection_basis":"Subjective priority: interpretable intervention, observable endpoint, accessible benchtop control; retained to span mechanisms. Rank is editorial, not calculated probability.","query":"A phase-shifted heating pair identify thermal contact resistance independently of sample conductivity. experimental mechanism"},"dossier":{"id":"S1-0413","title":"Phase-shifted heating for thermal-contact identifiability","why_selected":"The core uncertainty is parameter identifiability, which can be tested before expensive apparatus construction.","sources":[{"title":"Electrothermal static contact: inverse analysis and experimental approach","url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17415970903036777","access":"Primary title/URL metadata; full page denied access","finding":"Related inverse contact-analysis work was located. Its inaccessible contents are not used as evidence that the proposed two-heater phase protocol succeeds."}],"design":"Clamp two benign solid coupons at controlled force and use two small resistive heaters with independent sinusoidal phase control. Measure surface temperature amplitudes/phases at several positions using calibrated thermistors or an infrared camera with emissivity controls. Vary interface resistance with measured spacer films and separately vary bulk thickness. Pilot frequencies should span the observed thermal diffusion time; no single frequency is assumed sufficient.","endpoints":"Primary: held-out error of inferred contact resistance when bulk conductivity is independently changed. Secondary: parameter covariance and smallest sensitivity singular value. Proposed benefit: narrower uncertainty than in-phase heating at equal total heat input.","controls":"Single heater; in-phase heating; bonded reference contact; known thermal resistance standard; repeated remounting; convection shielding; heater-power measurement. Check that temperature modulation stays in the linear-property regime.","conditional_analysis":"For a discretized linear heat model C*Tdot+K(k,R)*T=q(phi,t), local identifiability requires independent columns of the sensitivity matrix S=[dT/dk,dT/dR]. If S has full column rank, S^T*W*S is positive definite for positive-definite measurement weights W. This is proved by v^T*S^T*W*S*v=(S*v)^T*W*(S*v)>0 for nonzero v. Phase shifting may change S but does not guarantee full rank or good conditioning. No geometry-independent physical theorem is defensible here.","analysis_plan":"Run sensitivity calculations with measured geometry, report singular values versus frequency and phase, then lock the chosen protocol before blind standards. Fit competing boundary-loss models and report residuals. Reject the claimed separation if confidence regions remain elongated or standards fail recovery.","limitations":"Unproved physical protocol. Primary related source was metadata-only; no claim about its results. Proposed simulations, if later run, must be labeled synthetic, and cannot establish experimental validity.","rank":5,"hypothesis":"A phase-shifted heating pair should identify thermal contact resistance independently of sample conductivity.","status":"speculative; no physical proof; no physical data collected"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90/Selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900--S1-0701","id":"S1-0701","volume":"900","title":"A folded lattice should develop negative incremental Poisson response only after its hinges contact.","prediction":"A folded lattice should develop negative incremental Poisson response only after its hinges contact.","test":"Measure transverse strain.","contrary":"Contact produces no sign change.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S1-0701","hypothesis":"A folded lattice should develop negative incremental Poisson response only after its hinges contact.","prediction":"A folded lattice should develop negative incremental Poisson response only after its hinges contact.","test":"Measure transverse strain.","contrary_outcome":"Contact produces no sign change.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, not Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S1-0701","hypothesis":"A folded lattice should develop negative incremental Poisson response only after its hinges contact.","prediction":"A folded lattice should develop negative incremental Poisson response only after its hinges contact.","test":"Measure transverse strain.","contrary_outcome":"Contact produces no sign change.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, not Cartesian expansion","selection_rank":71,"selection_basis":"Subjective priority: interpretable intervention, observable endpoint, accessible benchtop control; retained to span mechanisms. Rank is editorial, not calculated probability.","query":"A folded lattice develop negative incremental Poisson response only after its hinges contact. experimental mechanism"},"dossier":{"id":"S1-0701","title":"Contact-triggered sign change in transverse lattice response","why_selected":"Direct imaging can locate contact onset and compare it with a measurable strain sign change. Strongly related prior art makes transparent replication essential.","sources":[{"title":"Tunable tension–compression asymmetry and auxeticity in lattice structures by harnessing unilateral contact","url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263822321011600","access":"Publisher search-accessible abstract and highlights read","finding":"Peng and Bargmann report lattice contact changing connectivity and tunable Poisson behavior, including sign switching. The broad mechanism is already published; the proposed folded geometry is not established as novel."}],"design":"Build planar folded cells with a measurable hinge-contact gap and low-friction joints. Compress a multicell sheet while imaging fiducials. Compare three initial gaps and a no-contact control whose otherwise matched hinges cannot touch within the stroke. Use multiple independent sheets and track boundary versus interior cells.","endpoints":"Primary: incremental transverse/axial strain ratio before and after first interior contact. Secondary: contact strain, force slope, hysteresis, and repeatability. Define the Poisson sign convention explicitly: nu=-d(e_transverse)/d(e_axial). Success requires a reproducible sign crossing tied to contact, not merely a positive/negative total-strain ratio.","controls":"Gap-blocked control; lubricated versus dry contacts; alternate loading direction; camera distortion check; rigid-body motion removal; boundary-cell exclusion specified in advance. Contact friction and out-of-plane buckling are competing causes.","conditional_analysis":"For a one-degree-of-freedom hinged model with axial length L(q) and width W(q), incremental nu=-(L/W)*(dW/dq)/(dL/dq) when dL/dq is nonzero. Contact changes the admissible kinematic branch; a sign reversal requires the derivative ratio to change sign. Contact alone does not imply that condition. This relation is a model identity, not a theorem that the constructed lattice will become auxetic.","analysis_plan":"Estimate local derivatives using preregistered smoothing windows and report sensitivity to window choice. Align curves by measured contact onset, retain failed sheets, and compare sign-change confidence intervals against controls. Reject the hypothesis if sign change precedes contact or disappears after controlling out-of-plane deformation.","limitations":"Unproved geometry-specific extension; closely related published mechanism is known. No new theorem or measured auxeticity claimed.","rank":6,"hypothesis":"A folded lattice should develop negative incremental Poisson response only after its hinges contact.","status":"speculative; no physical proof; no physical data collected"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90/Selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900--S1-0714","id":"S1-0714","volume":"900","title":"A soft suction foot should detach with lower energy when a tendon opens an edge vent.","prediction":"A soft suction foot should detach with lower energy when a tendon opens an edge vent.","test":"Measure detachment work.","contrary":"Venting offers no reduction.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["energy","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S1-0714","hypothesis":"A soft suction foot should detach with lower energy when a tendon opens an edge vent.","prediction":"A soft suction foot should detach with lower energy when a tendon opens an edge vent.","test":"Measure detachment work.","contrary_outcome":"Venting offers no reduction.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, not Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S1-0714","hypothesis":"A soft suction foot should detach with lower energy when a tendon opens an edge vent.","prediction":"A soft suction foot should detach with lower energy when a tendon opens an edge vent.","test":"Measure detachment work.","contrary_outcome":"Venting offers no reduction.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, not Cartesian expansion","selection_rank":72,"selection_basis":"Subjective priority: interpretable intervention, observable endpoint, accessible benchtop control; retained to span mechanisms. Rank is editorial, not calculated probability.","query":"A soft suction foot detach with lower energy when a tendon opens an edge vent. experimental mechanism"},"dossier":{"id":"S1-0714","title":"Tendon-opened vent for low-work suction release","why_selected":"Release work is directly measurable and the intervention is reversible, making strong matched controls possible.","sources":[{"title":"Adaptive Self-Sealing Suction-Based Soft Robotic Gripper","url":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/advs.202100641","access":"Publisher abstract and release-related sections read","finding":"Song and colleagues demonstrate a conformable membrane suction design and discuss controlled contact mechanics. This supports the broader suction-gripper context, not the energy benefit of the particular tendon vent."}],"design":"Mount an elastomer suction foot on smooth nonbiological test plates. Establish equal initial internal pressure and contact area, then compare axial pulling with tendon-actuated edge venting. Measure actuator force-displacement, pressure, detachment timing, and total work including tendon work. Test multiple independent feet and randomized plate conditions.","endpoints":"Primary: total mechanical release work, joules. Secondary: peak plate load, release time, and reattachment reliability. Proposed success criterion: lower total work and lower peak load than axial release at equal initial holding force, without increased release failures.","controls":"A tendon routed without opening a vent; an externally opened vent; unchanged cup with axial pull; roughness and wetness blocks; leak-rate baseline. Include stored elastic energy and tendon friction in the accounting.","conditional_analysis":"For a fixed-area ideal cup, the suction contribution to holding force is Delta_p*A. If opening a vent monotonically drives Delta_p toward zero before separation, that ideal contribution falls. With a simple isothermal fixed-volume conductance model d(Delta_p)/dt=-Delta_p/tau, Delta_p(t)=Delta_p0*exp(-t/tau). This proves decay only for that model; deformation, seal peeling, trapped liquid, and tendon losses can reverse the total-work comparison. No unconditional release-energy theorem is claimed.","analysis_plan":"Integrate measured force over displacement for every actuator, subtract only separately measured instrument baselines, and compare paired total-work distributions. Report cases where the tendon fails to admit air. Reject the useful effect if venting lowers axial force but raises total work or damages repeatability.","limitations":"Unproved device-specific performance; suction release and self-sealing grippers have extensive prior art. No human-subject testing is proposed.","rank":7,"hypothesis":"A soft suction foot should detach with lower energy when a tendon opens an edge vent.","status":"speculative; no physical proof; no physical data collected"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90/Selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900--S1-0746","id":"S1-0746","volume":"900","title":"A compliant stepping mechanism should count pressure cycles without electronic power.","prediction":"A compliant stepping mechanism should count pressure cycles without electronic power.","test":"Cycle known pressures.","contrary":"Skipped or double steps dominate.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical","energy"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S1-0746","hypothesis":"A compliant stepping mechanism should count pressure cycles without electronic power.","prediction":"A compliant stepping mechanism should count pressure cycles without electronic power.","test":"Cycle known pressures.","contrary_outcome":"Skipped or double steps dominate.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, not Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S1-0746","hypothesis":"A compliant stepping mechanism should count pressure cycles without electronic power.","prediction":"A compliant stepping mechanism should count pressure cycles without electronic power.","test":"Cycle known pressures.","contrary_outcome":"Skipped or double steps dominate.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, not Cartesian expansion","selection_rank":75,"selection_basis":"Subjective priority: interpretable intervention, observable endpoint, accessible benchtop control; retained to span mechanisms. Rank is editorial, not calculated probability.","query":"A compliant stepping mechanism count pressure cycles without electronic power. experimental mechanism"},"dossier":{"id":"S1-0746","title":"Pressure-cycle mechanical counter","why_selected":"A discrete state-transition claim permits exhaustive bench challenges and exact conditional reasoning, even though the broad pneumatic-step principle is established.","sources":[{"title":"A New Type of Motor: Pneumatic Step Motor","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21528106/","access":"Primary article abstract and bibliographic metadata read","finding":"Stoianovici and colleagues report discrete pneumatic stepping with sequenced ports; the described system also includes electronic control and optical encoding. It supports pneumatic discrete motion but does not validate a single-port compliant passive counter."}],"design":"Build a diaphragm-driven pawl with a compliant detent and a visible indexed wheel. Drive one inlet with recorded pressure cycles and read the wheel optically only for validation. Vary amplitude, frequency, rise time, dwell, partial unloading, and missed-pulse gaps. Use at least five independent counters; specify the operating envelope before endurance testing.","endpoints":"Primary: count error after a preregistered sequence of 1000 full cycles. Secondary: skipped/double steps, minimum reset pressure, wear drift, and energy per step. Proposed target is zero observed count errors within the declared envelope; this is not proof of a zero underlying error rate.","controls":"Subthreshold pulses; long sustained pressure; double peaks without full reset; reversed pressure; orientation changes; externally imposed vibration. Record actual inlet pressure rather than commanded values.","conditional_analysis":"Assume each valid rising excursion moves a pawl exactly one index, a detent prevents backslip, and reset returns the pawl without moving the wheel. By induction, count after n valid cycles equals initial count+n modulo wheel capacity: the base case is immediate, and each transition adds one. This is a conditional state-machine proof, not a proof that the compliant hardware satisfies the transition assumptions. If zero errors occur in N independent trials, the one-sided 95% binomial upper bound is 1-0.05^(1/N); independence must be justified.","analysis_plan":"Publish full pulse traces and wheel-state video, classify every error, and report error bounds by operating condition. Do not pool dependent repeated cycles as independent devices. Reject the design if partial pulses create false counts or reset requires external intervention.","limitations":"Unproved physical counter; no electronics-free performance demonstrated here. Prior pneumatic stepping makes global novelty implausible without much deeper searching.","rank":8,"hypothesis":"A compliant stepping mechanism should count pressure cycles without electronic power.","status":"speculative; no physical proof; no physical data collected"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90/Selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900--S1-0786","id":"S1-0786","volume":"900","title":"A soft actuator should reveal internal delamination through a changed pressure-volume loop before gross rupture.","prediction":"A soft actuator should reveal internal delamination through a changed pressure-volume loop before gross rupture.","test":"Introduce controlled debonds.","contrary":"Loop changes are undetectable.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S1-0786","hypothesis":"A soft actuator should reveal internal delamination through a changed pressure-volume loop before gross rupture.","prediction":"A soft actuator should reveal internal delamination through a changed pressure-volume loop before gross rupture.","test":"Introduce controlled debonds.","contrary_outcome":"Loop changes are undetectable.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, not Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S1-0786","hypothesis":"A soft actuator should reveal internal delamination through a changed pressure-volume loop before gross rupture.","prediction":"A soft actuator should reveal internal delamination through a changed pressure-volume loop before gross rupture.","test":"Introduce controlled debonds.","contrary_outcome":"Loop changes are undetectable.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, not Cartesian expansion","selection_rank":79,"selection_basis":"Subjective priority: interpretable intervention, observable endpoint, accessible benchtop control; retained to span mechanisms. Rank is editorial, not calculated probability.","query":"A soft actuator reveal internal delamination through a changed pressure-volume loop before gross rupture. experimental mechanism"},"dossier":{"id":"S1-0786","title":"Pressure-volume loops as delamination precursors","why_selected":"Damage can be introduced at known locations, permitting blind detection and explicit comparison with nuisance drift.","sources":[{"title":"Endurance tests for a fabric_reinforced inflatable soft actuator","url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/materials/articles/10.3389/fmats.2023.1112540/full","access":"Publisher endurance/burst-test methods read","finding":"The study evaluates cyclic use, burst behavior, and material properties of reinforced inflatable actuators. It motivates durability measurements but does not establish that pressure-volume loops uniquely detect early delamination."}],"design":"Prepare matched soft actuator coupons with intact bonds, seeded small debonds, and sham fabrication changes. Measure pressure and displaced volume during slow inflation/deflation using a calibrated syringe system. Quantify debond area independently by transparent imaging or sectioning separate witness coupons. Blind the loop analyst to damage labels and reserve independent actuators for held-out testing.","endpoints":"Primary: held-out detection of seeded debonds below a preregistered area threshold. Secondary: loop area, tangent compliance, residual volume, and false alarms caused by temperature or cycling. No detection threshold should be tuned on held-out devices.","controls":"Temperature cycles; intact fatigued samples; controlled external load; small leaks without debonding; varying inflation rate; sham bond inserts. Leakage, viscoelasticity, and trapped gas can all change loop shape.","conditional_analysis":"In a quasistatic elastic approximation, tangent compliance C=dV/dp is positive for a stable chamber. A debond may increase effective free wall area and hence C, but it can also constrain motion or cause leakage; no universal monotonicity theorem follows. Loop work W=integral p dV quantifies net pressure-volume work over a cycle but does not identify its dissipation mechanism. The physical diagnostic therefore remains unproved.","analysis_plan":"Predefine loop features from a training set, evaluate held-out device-level sensitivity/specificity with uncertainty, and compare against leak-only and temperature controls. Track detection time relative to independently observed crack growth. Reject the early-warning claim if detection occurs only after visible leakage or if false alarms are comparable to true positives.","limitations":"No physical data or successful classifier generated. Existing endurance research is background, not proof of the proposed precursor. Independent-device validation is required.","rank":9,"hypothesis":"A soft actuator should reveal internal delamination through a changed pressure-volume loop before gross rupture.","status":"speculative; no physical proof; no physical data collected"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90/Selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v2--S2-0008","id":"S2-0008","volume":"900v2","title":"An isolated pinecone scale will show a delayed bend reversal when its two faces exchange moisture at different rates.","prediction":"An isolated pinecone scale will show a delayed bend reversal when its two faces exchange moisture at different rates.","test":"Measure mass and curvature during a humidity step and its reversal.","contrary":"Bending remains monotonic through both transitions.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["biology","anomalies","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v2/hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S2-0008","prediction":"An isolated pinecone scale will show a delayed bend reversal when its two faces exchange moisture at different rates.","feasible_test":"Measure mass and curvature during a humidity step and its reversal.","contrary_outcome":"Bending remains monotonic through both transitions.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim"},"lead":{"id":"S2-0008","prediction":"An isolated pinecone scale will show a delayed bend reversal when its two faces exchange moisture at different rates.","feasible_test":"Measure mass and curvature during a humidity step and its reversal.","contrary_outcome":"Bending remains monotonic through both transitions.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"Passive motion allows face-specific hydraulic perturbation.","selection_basis":"subjective feasibility/plausibility triage; not a calibrated truth probability"},"dossier":{"id":"S2-0008","prediction":"An isolated pinecone scale will show a delayed bend reversal when its two faces exchange moisture at different rates.","feasible_test":"Measure mass and curvature during a humidity step and its reversal.","contrary_outcome":"Bending remains monotonic through both transitions.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"Passive motion allows face-specific hydraulic perturbation.","selection_basis":"subjective feasibility/plausibility triage; not a calibrated truth probability","dossier":"S2-0008_dossier.md","final_selection_rationale":"Mechanism can be challenged by an independent observable and a specific intervention; retained to include both plausible proposals and strong counterevidence cases, not a claim of high truth probability."},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v2/selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v2/selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v2--S2-0014","id":"S2-0014","volume":"900v2","title":"A fern sporangium will lose snap speed when water drainage is restricted even at matched initial curvature.","prediction":"A fern sporangium will lose snap speed when water drainage is restricted even at matched initial curvature.","test":"Measure high-speed release with and without a drainage-blocking inert coating.","contrary":"Snap speed is unchanged after curvature and mass matching.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["energy","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v2/hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S2-0014","prediction":"A fern sporangium will lose snap speed when water drainage is restricted even at matched initial curvature.","feasible_test":"Measure high-speed release with and without a drainage-blocking inert coating.","contrary_outcome":"Snap speed is unchanged after curvature and mass matching.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim"},"lead":{"id":"S2-0014","prediction":"A fern sporangium will lose snap speed when water drainage is restricted even at matched initial curvature.","feasible_test":"Measure high-speed release with and without a drainage-blocking inert coating.","contrary_outcome":"Snap speed is unchanged after curvature and mass matching.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"High-speed kinematics exposes an established poroelastic alternative.","selection_basis":"subjective feasibility/plausibility triage; not a calibrated truth probability"},"dossier":{"id":"S2-0014","prediction":"A fern sporangium will lose snap speed when water drainage is restricted even at matched initial curvature.","feasible_test":"Measure high-speed release with and without a drainage-blocking inert coating.","contrary_outcome":"Snap speed is unchanged after curvature and mass matching.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"High-speed kinematics exposes an established poroelastic alternative.","selection_basis":"subjective feasibility/plausibility triage; not a calibrated truth probability","dossier":"S2-0014_dossier.md","final_selection_rationale":"Mechanism can be challenged by an independent observable and a specific intervention; retained to include both plausible proposals and strong counterevidence cases, not a claim of high truth probability."},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v2/selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v2/selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v2--S2-0029","id":"S2-0029","volume":"900v2","title":"A seed mucilage halo will delay salt entry more than a neutral tracer of matched diffusivity because fixed charges exclude ions.","prediction":"A seed mucilage halo will delay salt entry more than a neutral tracer of matched diffusivity because fixed charges exclude ions.","test":"Measure salt and neutral tracer profiles in intact halos.","contrary":"Salt enters at the same normalized rate after partition correction.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v2/hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S2-0029","prediction":"A seed mucilage halo will delay salt entry more than a neutral tracer of matched diffusivity because fixed charges exclude ions.","feasible_test":"Measure salt and neutral tracer profiles in intact halos.","contrary_outcome":"Salt enters at the same normalized rate after partition correction.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim"},"lead":{"id":"S2-0029","prediction":"A seed mucilage halo will delay salt entry more than a neutral tracer of matched diffusivity because fixed charges exclude ions.","feasible_test":"Measure salt and neutral tracer profiles in intact halos.","contrary_outcome":"Salt enters at the same normalized rate after partition correction.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"Neutral tracers and ionic screening challenge electrostatic exclusion.","selection_basis":"subjective feasibility/plausibility triage; not a calibrated truth probability"},"dossier":{"id":"S2-0029","prediction":"A seed mucilage halo will delay salt entry more than a neutral tracer of matched diffusivity because fixed charges exclude ions.","feasible_test":"Measure salt and neutral tracer profiles in intact halos.","contrary_outcome":"Salt enters at the same normalized rate after partition correction.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"Neutral tracers and ionic screening challenge electrostatic exclusion.","selection_basis":"subjective feasibility/plausibility triage; not a calibrated truth probability","dossier":"S2-0029_dossier.md","final_selection_rationale":"Mechanism can be challenged by an independent observable and a specific intervention; retained to include both plausible proposals and strong counterevidence cases, not a claim of high truth probability."},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v2/selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v2/selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v2--S2-0036","id":"S2-0036","volume":"900v2","title":"A coacervate droplet containing a reversible binding scaffold will retain substrate after dilution longer than partition equilibrium predicts.","prediction":"A coacervate droplet containing a reversible binding scaffold will retain substrate after dilution longer than partition equilibrium predicts.","test":"Measure substrate efflux and compare equilibrium partition coefficients.","contrary":"Efflux follows a diffusion model using measured partitioning alone.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v2/hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S2-0036","prediction":"A coacervate droplet containing a reversible binding scaffold will retain substrate after dilution longer than partition equilibrium predicts.","feasible_test":"Measure substrate efflux and compare equilibrium partition coefficients.","contrary_outcome":"Efflux follows a diffusion model using measured partitioning alone.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim"},"lead":{"id":"S2-0036","prediction":"A coacervate droplet containing a reversible binding scaffold will retain substrate after dilution longer than partition equilibrium predicts.","feasible_test":"Measure substrate efflux and compare equilibrium partition coefficients.","contrary_outcome":"Efflux follows a diffusion model using measured partitioning alone.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"Measured partitioning defines an explicit null release model.","selection_basis":"subjective feasibility/plausibility triage; not a calibrated truth probability"},"dossier":{"id":"S2-0036","prediction":"A coacervate droplet containing a reversible binding scaffold will retain substrate after dilution longer than partition equilibrium predicts.","feasible_test":"Measure substrate efflux and compare equilibrium partition coefficients.","contrary_outcome":"Efflux follows a diffusion model using measured partitioning alone.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"Measured partitioning defines an explicit null release model.","selection_basis":"subjective feasibility/plausibility triage; not a calibrated truth probability","dossier":"S2-0036_dossier.md","final_selection_rationale":"Mechanism can be challenged by an independent observable and a specific intervention; retained to include both plausible proposals and strong counterevidence cases, not a claim of high truth probability."},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v2/selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v2/selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v2--S2-0044","id":"S2-0044","volume":"900v2","title":"A reconstituted microtubule bundle will redirect a propagating bend at an abrupt change in crosslink mobility.","prediction":"A reconstituted microtubule bundle will redirect a propagating bend at an abrupt change in crosslink mobility.","test":"Track bending waves across patterned crosslink regions.","contrary":"Transmission and reflection match uniform-mobility controls.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v2/hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S2-0044","prediction":"A reconstituted microtubule bundle will redirect a propagating bend at an abrupt change in crosslink mobility.","feasible_test":"Track bending waves across patterned crosslink regions.","contrary_outcome":"Transmission and reflection match uniform-mobility controls.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim"},"lead":{"id":"S2-0044","prediction":"A reconstituted microtubule bundle will redirect a propagating bend at an abrupt change in crosslink mobility.","feasible_test":"Track bending waves across patterned crosslink regions.","contrary_outcome":"Transmission and reflection match uniform-mobility controls.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"Patterned crosslink regions permit localized wave-scattering tests.","selection_basis":"subjective feasibility/plausibility triage; not a calibrated truth probability"},"dossier":{"id":"S2-0044","prediction":"A reconstituted microtubule bundle will redirect a propagating bend at an abrupt change in crosslink mobility.","feasible_test":"Track bending waves across patterned crosslink regions.","contrary_outcome":"Transmission and reflection match uniform-mobility controls.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"Patterned crosslink regions permit localized wave-scattering tests.","selection_basis":"subjective feasibility/plausibility triage; not a calibrated truth probability","dossier":"S2-0044_dossier.md","final_selection_rationale":"Mechanism can be challenged by an independent observable and a specific intervention; retained to include both plausible proposals and strong counterevidence cases, not a claim of high truth probability."},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v2/selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v2/selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v2--S2-0064","id":"S2-0064","volume":"900v2","title":"A calcite surface exposed to intermittent undersaturation will retain deeper etch pits than one exposed continuously to the same integrated dissolution drive.","prediction":"A calcite surface exposed to intermittent undersaturation will retain deeper etch pits than one exposed continuously to the same integrated dissolution drive.","test":"Measure pit topography and total dissolved mass under matched exposure integrals.","contrary":"Pit-depth distributions coincide after dissolved-mass matching.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v2/hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S2-0064","prediction":"A calcite surface exposed to intermittent undersaturation will retain deeper etch pits than one exposed continuously to the same integrated dissolution drive.","feasible_test":"Measure pit topography and total dissolved mass under matched exposure integrals.","contrary_outcome":"Pit-depth distributions coincide after dissolved-mass matching.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim"},"lead":{"id":"S2-0064","prediction":"A calcite surface exposed to intermittent undersaturation will retain deeper etch pits than one exposed continuously to the same integrated dissolution drive.","feasible_test":"Measure pit topography and total dissolved mass under matched exposure integrals.","contrary_outcome":"Pit-depth distributions coincide after dissolved-mass matching.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"AFM can resolve a pulse-history effect on pit geometry.","selection_basis":"subjective feasibility/plausibility triage; not a calibrated truth probability"},"dossier":{"id":"S2-0064","prediction":"A calcite surface exposed to intermittent undersaturation will retain deeper etch pits than one exposed continuously to the same integrated dissolution drive.","feasible_test":"Measure pit topography and total dissolved mass under matched exposure integrals.","contrary_outcome":"Pit-depth distributions coincide after dissolved-mass matching.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"AFM can resolve a pulse-history effect on pit geometry.","selection_basis":"subjective feasibility/plausibility triage; not a calibrated truth probability","dossier":"S2-0064_dossier.md","final_selection_rationale":"Mechanism can be challenged by an independent observable and a specific intervention; retained to include both plausible proposals and strong counterevidence cases, not a claim of high truth probability."},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v2/selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v2/selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v2--S2-0067","id":"S2-0067","volume":"900v2","title":"A wetted silica crack will arrest abruptly when condensation at its narrow tip changes local surface stress.","prediction":"A wetted silica crack will arrest abruptly when condensation at its narrow tip changes local surface stress.","test":"Measure crack velocity and tip water uptake under humidity control.","contrary":"Arrest lacks a tip-condensation threshold and follows bulk humidity only.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v2/hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S2-0067","prediction":"A wetted silica crack will arrest abruptly when condensation at its narrow tip changes local surface stress.","feasible_test":"Measure crack velocity and tip water uptake under humidity control.","contrary_outcome":"Arrest lacks a tip-condensation threshold and follows bulk humidity only.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim"},"lead":{"id":"S2-0067","prediction":"A wetted silica crack will arrest abruptly when condensation at its narrow tip changes local surface stress.","feasible_test":"Measure crack velocity and tip water uptake under humidity control.","contrary_outcome":"Arrest lacks a tip-condensation threshold and follows bulk humidity only.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"Tip-condensation imaging challenges a sharp arrest mechanism.","selection_basis":"subjective feasibility/plausibility triage; not a calibrated truth probability"},"dossier":{"id":"S2-0067","prediction":"A wetted silica crack will arrest abruptly when condensation at its narrow tip changes local surface stress.","feasible_test":"Measure crack velocity and tip water uptake under humidity control.","contrary_outcome":"Arrest lacks a tip-condensation threshold and follows bulk humidity only.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"Tip-condensation imaging challenges a sharp arrest mechanism.","selection_basis":"subjective feasibility/plausibility triage; not a calibrated truth probability","dossier":"S2-0067_dossier.md","final_selection_rationale":"Mechanism can be challenged by an independent observable and a specific intervention; retained to include both plausible proposals and strong counterevidence cases, not a claim of high truth probability."},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v2/selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v2/selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v2--S2-0074","id":"S2-0074","volume":"900v2","title":"A thin transparent laminate will display an optical precursor to interfacial slip through polarization-dependent phase changes.","prediction":"A thin transparent laminate will display an optical precursor to interfacial slip through polarization-dependent phase changes.","test":"Compare interferometry with displacement microscopy during shear.","contrary":"Phase changes begin only after resolved macroscopic slip.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v2/hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S2-0074","prediction":"A thin transparent laminate will display an optical precursor to interfacial slip through polarization-dependent phase changes.","feasible_test":"Compare interferometry with displacement microscopy during shear.","contrary_outcome":"Phase changes begin only after resolved macroscopic slip.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim"},"lead":{"id":"S2-0074","prediction":"A thin transparent laminate will display an optical precursor to interfacial slip through polarization-dependent phase changes.","feasible_test":"Compare interferometry with displacement microscopy during shear.","contrary_outcome":"Phase changes begin only after resolved macroscopic slip.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"Independent displacement can validate an optical slip precursor.","selection_basis":"subjective feasibility/plausibility triage; not a calibrated truth probability"},"dossier":{"id":"S2-0074","prediction":"A thin transparent laminate will display an optical precursor to interfacial slip through polarization-dependent phase changes.","feasible_test":"Compare interferometry with displacement microscopy during shear.","contrary_outcome":"Phase changes begin only after resolved macroscopic slip.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"Independent displacement can validate an optical slip precursor.","selection_basis":"subjective feasibility/plausibility triage; not a calibrated truth probability","dossier":"S2-0074_dossier.md","final_selection_rationale":"Mechanism can be challenged by an independent observable and a specific intervention; retained to include both plausible proposals and strong counterevidence cases, not a claim of high truth probability."},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v2/selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v2/selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v2--S2-0087","id":"S2-0087","volume":"900v2","title":"A phase-changing microcapsule layer will reduce thermal overshoot more when capsules communicate through contact than when dispersed at identical loading.","prediction":"A phase-changing microcapsule layer will reduce thermal overshoot more when capsules communicate through contact than when dispersed at identical loading.","test":"Measure temperature transients and capsule phase fractions with contact topology controlled.","contrary":"Overshoot depends only on total latent heat.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["energy","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v2/hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S2-0087","prediction":"A phase-changing microcapsule layer will reduce thermal overshoot more when capsules communicate through contact than when dispersed at identical loading.","feasible_test":"Measure temperature transients and capsule phase fractions with contact topology controlled.","contrary_outcome":"Overshoot depends only on total latent heat.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim"},"lead":{"id":"S2-0087","prediction":"A phase-changing microcapsule layer will reduce thermal overshoot more when capsules communicate through contact than when dispersed at identical loading.","feasible_test":"Measure temperature transients and capsule phase fractions with contact topology controlled.","contrary_outcome":"Overshoot depends only on total latent heat.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"Equal latent heat isolates capsule-contact topology.","selection_basis":"subjective feasibility/plausibility triage; not a calibrated truth probability"},"dossier":{"id":"S2-0087","prediction":"A phase-changing microcapsule layer will reduce thermal overshoot more when capsules communicate through contact than when dispersed at identical loading.","feasible_test":"Measure temperature transients and capsule phase fractions with contact topology controlled.","contrary_outcome":"Overshoot depends only on total latent heat.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"Equal latent heat isolates capsule-contact topology.","selection_basis":"subjective feasibility/plausibility triage; not a calibrated truth probability","dossier":"S2-0087_dossier.md","final_selection_rationale":"Mechanism can be challenged by an independent observable and a specific intervention; retained to include both plausible proposals and strong counterevidence cases, not a claim of high truth probability."},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v2/selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v2/selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v3--S3-0006","id":"S3-0006","volume":"900v3","title":"Thermal contact avalanches","prediction":"Conductance jumps coincide with groups of acoustic contact events rather than smooth contact-area growth.","test":"Compress rough transparent pairs while measuring calibrated heat flow, real contact area and acoustic events.","contrary":"Conductance follows continuous area alone and event coincidence vanishes after drift correction.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical","energy","anomalies","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v3/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S3-0006","title":"Thermal contact avalanches","question":"Can low-load rough contacts transfer heat in discrete jumps during slow compression?","prediction":"Conductance jumps coincide with groups of acoustic contact events rather than smooth contact-area growth.","test":"Compress rough transparent pairs while measuring calibrated heat flow, real contact area and acoustic events.","contrary_outcome":"Conductance follows continuous area alone and event coincidence vanishes after drift correction.","status":"Speculative; no experimental data or proof supplied","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; related literature is not an exact-novelty certificate","composition":"Individually authored mechanism-specific record; no Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S3-0006","title":"Thermal contact avalanches","question":"Can low-load rough contacts transfer heat in discrete jumps during slow compression?","prediction":"Conductance jumps coincide with groups of acoustic contact events rather than smooth contact-area growth.","test":"Compress rough transparent pairs while measuring calibrated heat flow, real contact area and acoustic events.","contrary_outcome":"Conductance follows continuous area alone and event coincidence vanishes after drift correction.","status":"Speculative; no experimental data or proof supplied","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; related literature is not an exact-novelty certificate","composition":"Individually authored mechanism-specific record; no Cartesian expansion","selection_basis":"Subjective shortlist: observable physical contrast, reversible comparison possible, and a bench-scale primary measurement described. No truth probability assigned; worldwide novelty unverified.","feasibility":"Provisional bench-scale feasibility; apparatus availability, resolution and safety require local pilot review.","plausibility":"Conditional mechanism consistency only; empirical direction untested.","literature_query":"Can low-load rough contacts transfer heat in discrete jumps during slow compression experimental physical mechanism"},"dossier":{"id":"S3-0006","title":"Thermal contact avalanches","question":"Can low-load rough contacts transfer heat in discrete jumps during slow compression?","prediction":"Conductance jumps coincide with groups of acoustic contact events rather than smooth contact-area growth.","test":"Compress rough transparent pairs while measuring calibrated heat flow, real contact area and acoustic events.","contrary_outcome":"Conductance follows continuous area alone and event coincidence vanishes after drift correction.","status":"Speculative; no experimental data or proof supplied","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; related literature is not an exact-novelty certificate","composition":"Individually authored mechanism-specific record; no Cartesian expansion","selection_basis":"Subjective shortlist: observable physical contrast, reversible comparison possible, and a bench-scale primary measurement described. No truth probability assigned; worldwide novelty unverified.","feasibility":"Provisional bench-scale feasibility; apparatus availability, resolution and safety require local pilot review.","plausibility":"Conditional mechanism consistency only; empirical direction untested.","literature_query":"Can low-load rough contacts transfer heat in discrete jumps during slow compression experimental physical mechanism","bibliography":"B. Gotsmann and M. A. Lantz (2013), Quantized thermal transport across contacts of rough surfaces, Nature Materials12:59–65; DOI10.1038/nmat3460.","source_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23085568/","access_level":"Primary-paper abstract accessed via PubMed; publisher full-text fetch failed.","evidence_scope":"The abstract reports pressure-dependent nanoscale contact transport. This motivates contact sensitivity; it does not establish macroscopic conductance avalanches or acoustic coincidence. Atomic-scale transport cannot be assumed to describe a rough millimeter contact.","primary_measure":"Jump amplitude in conductance G=Q/(Th−Tc), W/K, and excess coincidence of independently identified acoustic and thermal events.","calibration":"Calibrate heat input electrically and measure parasitic losses with an unloaded dummy. Calibrate temperature difference against a traceable reference; calibrate force and acoustic transfer response separately. Estimate the temporal resolution after thermal convolution before defining an event.","comparison_design":"Randomize slow compression histories across separately prepared rough contacts. Include polished, bonded and unloaded acoustic controls. Image real contact area independently. Keep load rate, temperature and surface chemistry matched.","analysis_plan":"Fit continuous area-dependent conductance as the null, then test prespecified change points in held-out records. Convolve proposed jumps with the measured sensor response. Compare coincidence to circular time-shifts that preserve autocorrelation. A conductance jump alone does not identify a collective contact event.","conditional_analysis":"Individual heat paths contribute positive parallel conductances, so topology can create steps when paths open, but a finite sensor bandwidth can make continuous contact evolution look discontinuous. There is no theorem requiring avalanches; the directional claim remains unproved.","independent_replication":"Independent units are cleaned, independently assembled contact pairs, not time samples. Replicate with a second heat-flow architecture and independently prepared roughness. Proceed only if calibrated jump resolution is smaller than the smallest retained event.","proof_status":"Unproved. No new experimental observations, physical demonstration, universal theorem, or worldwide novelty verification is supplied.","decision_rule":"Before collecting confirmation data, use pilot-only noise and engineering resolution to choose a smallest meaningful effect. Fix the confirmatory sample size from independent-unit variance and a declared precision/power target. Support requires the preregistered directional contrast with uncertainty excluding that negligible interval and independent replication. A null or reversed effect with adequate precision is contrary evidence within the tested range; an imprecise null is inconclusive."},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v3/Selections.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v3/Dossiers.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v3--S3-0008","id":"S3-0008","volume":"900v3","title":"Thermal edge topology","prediction":"A continuous rim suppresses the slowest thermal mode beyond the effect of its volume fraction.","test":"Measure modal cooldown of matched patterned plates with continuous versus interrupted rims.","contrary":"The slowest mode depends only on conductive area after boundary losses are fitted.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["energy","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v3/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S3-0008","title":"Thermal edge topology","question":"Does a connected high-conductivity rim dominate cooldown more than an equal-area disconnected rim?","prediction":"A continuous rim suppresses the slowest thermal mode beyond the effect of its volume fraction.","test":"Measure modal cooldown of matched patterned plates with continuous versus interrupted rims.","contrary_outcome":"The slowest mode depends only on conductive area after boundary losses are fitted.","status":"Speculative; no experimental data or proof supplied","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; related literature is not an exact-novelty certificate","composition":"Individually authored mechanism-specific record; no Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S3-0008","title":"Thermal edge topology","question":"Does a connected high-conductivity rim dominate cooldown more than an equal-area disconnected rim?","prediction":"A continuous rim suppresses the slowest thermal mode beyond the effect of its volume fraction.","test":"Measure modal cooldown of matched patterned plates with continuous versus interrupted rims.","contrary_outcome":"The slowest mode depends only on conductive area after boundary losses are fitted.","status":"Speculative; no experimental data or proof supplied","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; related literature is not an exact-novelty certificate","composition":"Individually authored mechanism-specific record; no Cartesian expansion","selection_basis":"Subjective shortlist: observable physical contrast, reversible comparison possible, and a bench-scale primary measurement described. No truth probability assigned; worldwide novelty unverified.","feasibility":"Provisional bench-scale feasibility; apparatus availability, resolution and safety require local pilot review.","plausibility":"Conditional mechanism consistency only; empirical direction untested.","literature_query":"Does a connected high-conductivity rim dominate cooldown more than an equal-area disconnected rim experimental physical mechanism"},"dossier":{"id":"S3-0008","title":"Thermal edge topology","question":"Does a connected high-conductivity rim dominate cooldown more than an equal-area disconnected rim?","prediction":"A continuous rim suppresses the slowest thermal mode beyond the effect of its volume fraction.","test":"Measure modal cooldown of matched patterned plates with continuous versus interrupted rims.","contrary_outcome":"The slowest mode depends only on conductive area after boundary losses are fitted.","status":"Speculative; no experimental data or proof supplied","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; related literature is not an exact-novelty certificate","composition":"Individually authored mechanism-specific record; no Cartesian expansion","selection_basis":"Subjective shortlist: observable physical contrast, reversible comparison possible, and a bench-scale primary measurement described. No truth probability assigned; worldwide novelty unverified.","feasibility":"Provisional bench-scale feasibility; apparatus availability, resolution and safety require local pilot review.","plausibility":"Conditional mechanism consistency only; empirical direction untested.","literature_query":"Does a connected high-conductivity rim dominate cooldown more than an equal-area disconnected rim experimental physical mechanism","bibliography":"H. Hu et al.(2022), Observation of Topological Edge States in Thermal Diffusion, Advanced Materials34:2202257; DOI10.1002/adma.202202257.","source_url":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.202202257","access_level":"Primary research article HTML accessed, including abstract and experimental discussion.","evidence_scope":"The paper reports experimentally retrieved thermal-lattice decay behavior. Its patterned lattice is related diffusion evidence, not proof that a continuous conductive rim improves every plate.","primary_measure":"Slowest identifiable thermal decay rate λ1 in s−1 after a prescribed initial temperature pattern; report its mode shape as a secondary outcome.","calibration":"Calibrate spatial temperature against contact standards and camera flat-field drift. Measure each region conductivity, heat capacity and thickness independently. Calibrate external loss by isothermal whole-plate cooldown.","comparison_design":"Compare continuous and interrupted rims with equal conductive volume, mass, outer shape and boundary contact. Use more than one initial heating pattern to avoid missing the slow mode. Randomize specimen order and include a homogeneous reference.","analysis_plan":"Fit a common diffusion operator with separately measured boundaries. Use held-out time windows and report modes below the resolution threshold as unidentified. Contrast λ1 with uncertainty from specimen properties and boundary heat loss.","conditional_analysis":"For a specified positive-conductivity field, the Rayleigh quotient involves integral k|∇φ|² divided by integral ρcφ², plus boundary loss. Moving fixed conductive volume changes where gradients are penalized; connectivity alone does not guarantee an increase. The proposed direction is unproved.","independent_replication":"Replicate using separately fabricated plates and a second lab with a different rim-manufacturing process. Gate on equal measured volume and boundary losses; repeat the modal result under independent initial temperature fields.","proof_status":"Unproved. No new experimental observations, physical demonstration, universal theorem, or worldwide novelty verification is supplied.","decision_rule":"Before collecting confirmation data, use pilot-only noise and engineering resolution to choose a smallest meaningful effect. Fix the confirmatory sample size from independent-unit variance and a declared precision/power target. Support requires the preregistered directional contrast with uncertainty excluding that negligible interval and independent replication. A null or reversed effect with adequate precision is contrary evidence within the tested range; an imprecise null is inconclusive."},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v3/Selections.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v3/Dossiers.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v3--S3-0014","id":"S3-0014","volume":"900v3","title":"Heat-pulse geometry discrimination","prediction":"An elongated void produces a reproducible anisotropic curvature tensor after early signals have converged.","test":"Compare machined void standards using pulsed thermography and independently measured diffusivity.","contrary":"Late-time curvature cannot classify shape beyond noise or superficial emissivity artifacts.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["energy","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v3/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S3-0014","title":"Heat-pulse geometry discrimination","question":"Can two equal-volume buried voids be distinguished by the late-time spatial curvature of a heat pulse?","prediction":"An elongated void produces a reproducible anisotropic curvature tensor after early signals have converged.","test":"Compare machined void standards using pulsed thermography and independently measured diffusivity.","contrary_outcome":"Late-time curvature cannot classify shape beyond noise or superficial emissivity artifacts.","status":"Speculative; no experimental data or proof supplied","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; related literature is not an exact-novelty certificate","composition":"Individually authored mechanism-specific record; no Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S3-0014","title":"Heat-pulse geometry discrimination","question":"Can two equal-volume buried voids be distinguished by the late-time spatial curvature of a heat pulse?","prediction":"An elongated void produces a reproducible anisotropic curvature tensor after early signals have converged.","test":"Compare machined void standards using pulsed thermography and independently measured diffusivity.","contrary_outcome":"Late-time curvature cannot classify shape beyond noise or superficial emissivity artifacts.","status":"Speculative; no experimental data or proof supplied","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; related literature is not an exact-novelty certificate","composition":"Individually authored mechanism-specific record; no Cartesian expansion","selection_basis":"Subjective shortlist: observable physical contrast, reversible comparison possible, and a bench-scale primary measurement described. No truth probability assigned; worldwide novelty unverified.","feasibility":"Provisional bench-scale feasibility; apparatus availability, resolution and safety require local pilot review.","plausibility":"Conditional mechanism consistency only; empirical direction untested.","literature_query":"Can two equal-volume buried voids be distinguished by the late-time spatial curvature of a heat pulse experimental physical mechanism"},"dossier":{"id":"S3-0014","title":"Heat-pulse geometry discrimination","question":"Can two equal-volume buried voids be distinguished by the late-time spatial curvature of a heat pulse?","prediction":"An elongated void produces a reproducible anisotropic curvature tensor after early signals have converged.","test":"Compare machined void standards using pulsed thermography and independently measured diffusivity.","contrary_outcome":"Late-time curvature cannot classify shape beyond noise or superficial emissivity artifacts.","status":"Speculative; no experimental data or proof supplied","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; related literature is not an exact-novelty certificate","composition":"Individually authored mechanism-specific record; no Cartesian expansion","selection_basis":"Subjective shortlist: observable physical contrast, reversible comparison possible, and a bench-scale primary measurement described. No truth probability assigned; worldwide novelty unverified.","feasibility":"Provisional bench-scale feasibility; apparatus availability, resolution and safety require local pilot review.","plausibility":"Conditional mechanism consistency only; empirical direction untested.","literature_query":"Can two equal-volume buried voids be distinguished by the late-time spatial curvature of a heat pulse experimental physical mechanism","bibliography":"Characterizing Depth of Defects with Low Size/Depth Aspect Ratio and Low Thermal Reflection by Using Pulsed IR Thermography(2021); indexed PMID33920169, PMCIDPMC8069946. Authors/DOI not verified in this access session.","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8069946/","access_level":"Search snippets and bibliographic lead only; full-text access returned a browser challenge and PubMed body was unavailable.","evidence_scope":"The accessible lead concerns size/depth limitations in pulsed thermography. No quantitative result from the inaccessible body is used. This is a related primary-paper lead, not confirmed evidence for shape-tensor classification.","primary_measure":"Eigenvalue ratio and principal direction of the spatial Hessian of temperature at prespecified late times, with units K/m².","calibration":"Calibrate pixel scale, timing, heater footprint, emissivity and temperature noise on a void-free plate. Machine equal-volume void standards and verify depth/shape by independent geometry measurement.","comparison_design":"Blindly classify elongated and compact voids with equal depth, volume and top-surface finish. Include rotated elongated voids, isotropic bulk controls and multiple pulse energies within linear response.","analysis_plan":"Predefine late time using measured diffusion length rather than selecting the most separable image. Estimate Hessians with a fixed spatial kernel, propagate correlated pixel noise, and evaluate orientation recovery on held-out specimens.","conditional_analysis":"The heat equation smooths spatial structure; distinct defects can produce nearly indistinguishable surface fields. Anisotropic curvature may encode shape, but no uniqueness or robust-classification theorem is supplied. The prediction remains unproved, especially when depth exceeds lateral size.","independent_replication":"Independent units are separately machined specimens. Replicate with a second camera and independent heating footprint. Gate on blinded orientation recovery exceeding randomized-label performance and confidence bounds excluding a pilot-chosen negligible contrast.","proof_status":"Unproved. No new experimental observations, physical demonstration, universal theorem, or worldwide novelty verification is supplied.","decision_rule":"Before collecting confirmation data, use pilot-only noise and engineering resolution to choose a smallest meaningful effect. Fix the confirmatory sample size from independent-unit variance and a declared precision/power target. Support requires the preregistered directional contrast with uncertainty excluding that negligible interval and independent replication. A null or reversed effect with adequate precision is contrary evidence within the tested range; an imprecise null is inconclusive."},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v3/Selections.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v3/Dossiers.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v3--S3-0016","id":"S3-0016","volume":"900v3","title":"Radiative view-factor calibration","prediction":"Occluder motion changes the inferred reflected component while leaving true target temperature constant.","test":"Use controlled-emissivity targets, independently calibrated thermometers and several occluder positions.","contrary":"Recovered true temperatures drift with occluder position beyond uncertainty.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v3/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S3-0016","title":"Radiative view-factor calibration","question":"Can a moving cool occluder reveal a thermographic scene's reflected-temperature bias without contact measurements?","prediction":"Occluder motion changes the inferred reflected component while leaving true target temperature constant.","test":"Use controlled-emissivity targets, independently calibrated thermometers and several occluder positions.","contrary_outcome":"Recovered true temperatures drift with occluder position beyond uncertainty.","status":"Speculative; no experimental data or proof supplied","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; related literature is not an exact-novelty certificate","composition":"Individually authored mechanism-specific record; no Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S3-0016","title":"Radiative view-factor calibration","question":"Can a moving cool occluder reveal a thermographic scene's reflected-temperature bias without contact measurements?","prediction":"Occluder motion changes the inferred reflected component while leaving true target temperature constant.","test":"Use controlled-emissivity targets, independently calibrated thermometers and several occluder positions.","contrary_outcome":"Recovered true temperatures drift with occluder position beyond uncertainty.","status":"Speculative; no experimental data or proof supplied","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; related literature is not an exact-novelty certificate","composition":"Individually authored mechanism-specific record; no Cartesian expansion","selection_basis":"Subjective shortlist: observable physical contrast, reversible comparison possible, and a bench-scale primary measurement described. No truth probability assigned; worldwide novelty unverified.","feasibility":"Provisional bench-scale feasibility; apparatus availability, resolution and safety require local pilot review.","plausibility":"Conditional mechanism consistency only; empirical direction untested.","literature_query":"Can a moving cool occluder reveal a thermographic scene's reflected-temperature bias without contact measurements experimental physical mechanism"},"dossier":{"id":"S3-0016","title":"Radiative view-factor calibration","question":"Can a moving cool occluder reveal a thermographic scene's reflected-temperature bias without contact measurements?","prediction":"Occluder motion changes the inferred reflected component while leaving true target temperature constant.","test":"Use controlled-emissivity targets, independently calibrated thermometers and several occluder positions.","contrary_outcome":"Recovered true temperatures drift with occluder position beyond uncertainty.","status":"Speculative; no experimental data or proof supplied","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; related literature is not an exact-novelty certificate","composition":"Individually authored mechanism-specific record; no Cartesian expansion","selection_basis":"Subjective shortlist: observable physical contrast, reversible comparison possible, and a bench-scale primary measurement described. No truth probability assigned; worldwide novelty unverified.","feasibility":"Provisional bench-scale feasibility; apparatus availability, resolution and safety require local pilot review.","plausibility":"Conditional mechanism consistency only; empirical direction untested.","literature_query":"Can a moving cool occluder reveal a thermographic scene's reflected-temperature bias without contact measurements experimental physical mechanism","bibliography":"S. Marinetti and P. G. Cesaratto(2012), Emissivity estimation for accurate quantitative thermography, NDT&E International51:127–134; DOI10.1016/j.ndteint.2012.06.001.","source_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0963869512000813","access_level":"Publisher search excerpt exposed abstract and sections; direct open failed. Institutional CNR metadata corroborated authors/year. Full paper not accessed.","evidence_scope":"The accessed abstract concerns sensor-specific emissivity calibration with approximately constant surroundings radiation. It supports attention to reflected radiation, not the proposed moving-occluder estimator.","primary_measure":"Error in reconstructed true target temperature, K, versus independent buried/contact reference; separate emissivity and reflected-radiance estimates.","calibration":"Calibrate camera spectral response with traceable blackbody references. Measure occluder temperature and angular radiance, target viewing geometry, target emissivity and contact-sensor heat leakage.","comparison_design":"Hold target temperature with feedback while translating a cool occluder outside direct target contact. Compare glossy and diffuse standards, static/temperature-matched occluders, and equal-airflow sham motion.","analysis_plan":"Fit measured radiance L=εB(T)+(1−ε)Lrefl in the calibrated band with an explicit angular reflection model. Test whether occluder motion provides sufficient rank to separate unknowns. Use withheld occluder positions to check predictions.","conditional_analysis":"One band and unknown emissivity/reflected radiance is underdetermined without additional constraints. Occluder motion may provide those constraints only if its view-factor effect is known and true target temperature remains stable. No general identifiability theorem is claimed.","independent_replication":"Replicate on independent target preparations using a second spectral band or contact-independent thermometer. Gate on recovery across withheld geometry and successful airflow/shading controls.","proof_status":"Unproved. No new experimental observations, physical demonstration, universal theorem, or worldwide novelty verification is supplied.","decision_rule":"Before collecting confirmation data, use pilot-only noise and engineering resolution to choose a smallest meaningful effect. Fix the confirmatory sample size from independent-unit variance and a declared precision/power target. Support requires the preregistered directional contrast with uncertainty excluding that negligible interval and independent replication. A null or reversed effect with adequate precision is contrary evidence within the tested range; an imprecise null is inconclusive."},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v3/Selections.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v3/Dossiers.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v3--S3-0029","id":"S3-0029","volume":"900v3","title":"Heat-flux sensor footprint","prediction":"Smaller high-conductivity sensors report larger local flux relative to an external calorimetric balance.","test":"Embed different-size sensors in otherwise matched slabs; verify total heat flow independently.","contrary":"Normalized readings converge without a footprint trend.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical","energy","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v3/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S3-0029","title":"Heat-flux sensor footprint","question":"Does an embedded flux sensor alter local transport enough to bias the area-average flux upward?","prediction":"Smaller high-conductivity sensors report larger local flux relative to an external calorimetric balance.","test":"Embed different-size sensors in otherwise matched slabs; verify total heat flow independently.","contrary_outcome":"Normalized readings converge without a footprint trend.","status":"Speculative; no experimental data or proof supplied","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; related literature is not an exact-novelty certificate","composition":"Individually authored mechanism-specific record; no Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S3-0029","title":"Heat-flux sensor footprint","question":"Does an embedded flux sensor alter local transport enough to bias the area-average flux upward?","prediction":"Smaller high-conductivity sensors report larger local flux relative to an external calorimetric balance.","test":"Embed different-size sensors in otherwise matched slabs; verify total heat flow independently.","contrary_outcome":"Normalized readings converge without a footprint trend.","status":"Speculative; no experimental data or proof supplied","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; related literature is not an exact-novelty certificate","composition":"Individually authored mechanism-specific record; no Cartesian expansion","selection_basis":"Subjective shortlist: observable physical contrast, reversible comparison possible, and a bench-scale primary measurement described. No truth probability assigned; worldwide novelty unverified.","feasibility":"Provisional bench-scale feasibility; apparatus availability, resolution and safety require local pilot review.","plausibility":"Conditional mechanism consistency only; empirical direction untested.","literature_query":"Does an embedded flux sensor alter local transport enough to bias the area-average flux upward experimental physical mechanism"},"dossier":{"id":"S3-0029","title":"Heat-flux sensor footprint","question":"Does an embedded flux sensor alter local transport enough to bias the area-average flux upward?","prediction":"Smaller high-conductivity sensors report larger local flux relative to an external calorimetric balance.","test":"Embed different-size sensors in otherwise matched slabs; verify total heat flow independently.","contrary_outcome":"Normalized readings converge without a footprint trend.","status":"Speculative; no experimental data or proof supplied","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; related literature is not an exact-novelty certificate","composition":"Individually authored mechanism-specific record; no Cartesian expansion","selection_basis":"Subjective shortlist: observable physical contrast, reversible comparison possible, and a bench-scale primary measurement described. No truth probability assigned; worldwide novelty unverified.","feasibility":"Provisional bench-scale feasibility; apparatus availability, resolution and safety require local pilot review.","plausibility":"Conditional mechanism consistency only; empirical direction untested.","literature_query":"Does an embedded flux sensor alter local transport enough to bias the area-average flux upward experimental physical mechanism","bibliography":"S. K. Singh, M. K. Yadav and S. Khandekar(2017), Measurement issues associated with surface mounting of thermopile heat flux sensors, Applied Thermal Engineering114:1105–1113; DOI10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.12.076.","source_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359431116341898","access_level":"Publisher search result exposed abstract, highlights and introduction; direct open failed. No full methods or raw data accessed.","evidence_scope":"The accessed abstract explicitly addresses thermal intrusion and impedance matching. Thus sensor disturbance is established related prior art. The proposed size-dependent upward bias for a specific embedded geometry remains a conditional extension, and may already have been studied.","primary_measure":"Relative error (local sensor flux−external calorimetric area-average flux)/external flux, dimensionless, versus sensor footprint.","calibration":"Calibrate sensor sensitivity in situ and externally close electrical input, stored heat and losses. Measure sensor/substrate conductivity, thickness and contact resistance. Quantify uncertainty of active area.","comparison_design":"Use interchangeable sensor footprints with identical outer mounting geometry and matched thermal impedance. Compare high-conductivity, impedance-matched and dummy inserts. Independently image temperature fields around each insert.","analysis_plan":"Fit a conjugate heat-transfer model using independently measured properties, then compare predicted local diversion with held-out sensor sizes. Keep calibration data separate from evaluation. Treat the external balance as area-average truth only after energy closure.","conditional_analysis":"A high-conductivity inclusion can draw lateral heat toward itself, but the sign depends on boundaries and interfaces. A parallel-resistance caricature is not proof of the proposed experiment. No universal upward-bias theorem is asserted.","independent_replication":"Replicate with a second sensor technology and separately machined slabs. Gate on external energy closure and sign agreement across independent units; reject the directional claim if calibrated bias is absent or reversed.","proof_status":"Unproved. No new experimental observations, physical demonstration, universal theorem, or worldwide novelty verification is supplied.","decision_rule":"Before collecting confirmation data, use pilot-only noise and engineering resolution to choose a smallest meaningful effect. Fix the confirmatory sample size from independent-unit variance and a declared precision/power target. Support requires the preregistered directional contrast with uncertainty excluding that negligible interval and independent replication. A null or reversed effect with adequate precision is contrary evidence within the tested range; an imprecise null is inconclusive."},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v3/Selections.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v3/Dossiers.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v3--S3-0040","id":"S3-0040","volume":"900v3","title":"Heat-wave waveform coding","prediction":"Parameter confidence ellipses shrink at equal injected energy and observation time.","test":"Fit blinded reference slabs using prespecified two-tone and single-tone protocols with correlated-noise analysis.","contrary":"Uncertainty reduction disappears under equal-energy and model-error comparisons.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical","energy"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v3/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S3-0040","title":"Heat-wave waveform coding","question":"Can a two-frequency heating waveform improve separation of thermal diffusivity and surface loss over a single sinusoid?","prediction":"Parameter confidence ellipses shrink at equal injected energy and observation time.","test":"Fit blinded reference slabs using prespecified two-tone and single-tone protocols with correlated-noise analysis.","contrary_outcome":"Uncertainty reduction disappears under equal-energy and model-error comparisons.","status":"Speculative; no experimental data or proof supplied","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; related literature is not an exact-novelty certificate","composition":"Individually authored mechanism-specific record; no Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S3-0040","title":"Heat-wave waveform coding","question":"Can a two-frequency heating waveform improve separation of thermal diffusivity and surface loss over a single sinusoid?","prediction":"Parameter confidence ellipses shrink at equal injected energy and observation time.","test":"Fit blinded reference slabs using prespecified two-tone and single-tone protocols with correlated-noise analysis.","contrary_outcome":"Uncertainty reduction disappears under equal-energy and model-error comparisons.","status":"Speculative; no experimental data or proof supplied","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; related literature is not an exact-novelty certificate","composition":"Individually authored mechanism-specific record; no Cartesian expansion","selection_basis":"Subjective shortlist: observable physical contrast, reversible comparison possible, and a bench-scale primary measurement described. No truth probability assigned; worldwide novelty unverified.","feasibility":"Provisional bench-scale feasibility; apparatus availability, resolution and safety require local pilot review.","plausibility":"Conditional mechanism consistency only; empirical direction untested.","literature_query":"Can a two-frequency heating waveform improve separation of thermal diffusivity and surface loss over a single sinusoid experimental physical mechanism"},"dossier":{"id":"S3-0040","title":"Heat-wave waveform coding","question":"Can a two-frequency heating waveform improve separation of thermal diffusivity and surface loss over a single sinusoid?","prediction":"Parameter confidence ellipses shrink at equal injected energy and observation time.","test":"Fit blinded reference slabs using prespecified two-tone and single-tone protocols with correlated-noise analysis.","contrary_outcome":"Uncertainty reduction disappears under equal-energy and model-error comparisons.","status":"Speculative; no experimental data or proof supplied","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; related literature is not an exact-novelty certificate","composition":"Individually authored mechanism-specific record; no Cartesian expansion","selection_basis":"Subjective shortlist: observable physical contrast, reversible comparison possible, and a bench-scale primary measurement described. No truth probability assigned; worldwide novelty unverified.","feasibility":"Provisional bench-scale feasibility; apparatus availability, resolution and safety require local pilot review.","plausibility":"Conditional mechanism consistency only; empirical direction untested.","literature_query":"Can a two-frequency heating waveform improve separation of thermal diffusivity and surface loss over a single sinusoid experimental physical mechanism","bibliography":"L. Perez and L. Autrique(2009), Robust determination of thermal diffusivity values from periodic heating data, Inverse Problems25:045011; DOI10.1088/0266-5611/25/4/045011.","source_url":"https://perso-laris.univ-angers.fr/~autrique/publications/83.pdf","access_level":"Author-hosted primary-paper PDF accessed as text,21pages.","evidence_scope":"The paper develops periodic-heating identification and sensitivity analysis with numerical and material validation. It establishes relevant methodology, not a universal equal-energy advantage for exactly two frequencies.","primary_measure":"Area of joint confidence region for diffusivity α and surface-loss coefficient h; also blinded parameter error on known standards.","calibration":"Calibrate heater power spectrum, sensor amplitude/phase transfer and timing. Independently measure specimen geometry and heat capacity; verify small-signal linearity and periodic steady state.","comparison_design":"Compare single-tone and two-tone drives with equal total injected energy, observation time and maximum temperature excursion. Use reference slabs with known α and independently varied boundary losses. Randomize protocols.","analysis_plan":"Compute the measured-noise-weighted Jacobian and inspect singular values before inversion. Fit correlated noise and compare coverage on held-out standards. Report uncertainty inflation from model mismatch rather than only least-squares curvature.","conditional_analysis":"Conditional Fisher information is JᵀΣ−1J. A second frequency helps only when its sensitivity direction is sufficiently independent and its reduced per-tone energy does not erase that gain. This algebra is an analysis tool, not proof of a new physical discovery or guaranteed improvement.","independent_replication":"Replicate with different heater/sensor systems and independently calibrated standards. Gate on nominal uncertainty coverage, lower held-out error, and an advantage that survives equal-energy, equal-bandwidth and model-error comparisons.","proof_status":"Unproved. No new experimental observations, physical demonstration, universal theorem, or worldwide novelty verification is supplied.","decision_rule":"Before collecting confirmation data, use pilot-only noise and engineering resolution to choose a smallest meaningful effect. Fix the confirmatory sample size from independent-unit variance and a declared precision/power target. Support requires the preregistered directional contrast with uncertainty excluding that negligible interval and independent replication. A null or reversed effect with adequate precision is contrary evidence within the tested range; an imprecise null is inconclusive."},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v3/Selections.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v3/Dossiers.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v3--S3-0043","id":"S3-0043","volume":"900v3","title":"Thermal boundary roughness spectrum","prediction":"Equal-RMS surfaces with longer corrugations yield different conductance when they organize gap channels.","test":"Measure surface spectra and low-temperature conductance under matched mean separation.","contrary":"RMS roughness and mean gap alone explain the results.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical","energy","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v3/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S3-0043","title":"Thermal boundary roughness spectrum","question":"Does the wavelength distribution of roughness matter more than RMS roughness for a gas-gap heat leak?","prediction":"Equal-RMS surfaces with longer corrugations yield different conductance when they organize gap channels.","test":"Measure surface spectra and low-temperature conductance under matched mean separation.","contrary_outcome":"RMS roughness and mean gap alone explain the results.","status":"Speculative; no experimental data or proof supplied","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; related literature is not an exact-novelty certificate","composition":"Individually authored mechanism-specific record; no Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S3-0043","title":"Thermal boundary roughness spectrum","question":"Does the wavelength distribution of roughness matter more than RMS roughness for a gas-gap heat leak?","prediction":"Equal-RMS surfaces with longer corrugations yield different conductance when they organize gap channels.","test":"Measure surface spectra and low-temperature conductance under matched mean separation.","contrary_outcome":"RMS roughness and mean gap alone explain the results.","status":"Speculative; no experimental data or proof supplied","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; related literature is not an exact-novelty certificate","composition":"Individually authored mechanism-specific record; no Cartesian expansion","selection_basis":"Subjective shortlist: observable physical contrast, reversible comparison possible, and a bench-scale primary measurement described. No truth probability assigned; worldwide novelty unverified.","feasibility":"Provisional bench-scale feasibility; apparatus availability, resolution and safety require local pilot review.","plausibility":"Conditional mechanism consistency only; empirical direction untested.","literature_query":"Does the wavelength distribution of roughness matter more than RMS roughness for a gas-gap heat leak experimental physical mechanism"},"dossier":{"id":"S3-0043","title":"Thermal boundary roughness spectrum","question":"Does the wavelength distribution of roughness matter more than RMS roughness for a gas-gap heat leak?","prediction":"Equal-RMS surfaces with longer corrugations yield different conductance when they organize gap channels.","test":"Measure surface spectra and low-temperature conductance under matched mean separation.","contrary_outcome":"RMS roughness and mean gap alone explain the results.","status":"Speculative; no experimental data or proof supplied","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; related literature is not an exact-novelty certificate","composition":"Individually authored mechanism-specific record; no Cartesian expansion","selection_basis":"Subjective shortlist: observable physical contrast, reversible comparison possible, and a bench-scale primary measurement described. No truth probability assigned; worldwide novelty unverified.","feasibility":"Provisional bench-scale feasibility; apparatus availability, resolution and safety require local pilot review.","plausibility":"Conditional mechanism consistency only; empirical direction untested.","literature_query":"Does the wavelength distribution of roughness matter more than RMS roughness for a gas-gap heat leak experimental physical mechanism","bibliography":"Gap conductance in contact heat transfer(2000), International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer; publisher PII S0017931000000715. Author metadata not verified in this session.","source_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0017931000000715","access_level":"Search metadata only. Related Waterloo PDF fetched but had no readable text; screenshot attempt failed. No full-text technical claims are attributed.","evidence_scope":"The source is a related gap-conductance lead. It provides no accessed quantitative support for the proposed correlation-length effect. This dossier is primarily a test plan pending fuller evidence access.","primary_measure":"Gas-gap conductance W/(m²K) at matched mean gap and RMS roughness, contrasted across measured roughness spectra.","calibration":"Traceably calibrate mean separation, topographic power spectrum, gas pressure/composition, temperature difference and parasitic solid/radiative heat paths. Verify no unintended contacts.","comparison_design":"Compare independently fabricated long- and short-correlation roughness at equal RMS height, mean gap and surface chemistry. Include flat plates and rotated textures. Keep gas rarefaction regime fixed.","analysis_plan":"Use full measured gap maps in conduction simulations. Separate prediction based only on RMS from prediction using the spectrum, then test on withheld surfaces. Propagate gap uncertainty, which can dominate the proposed effect.","conditional_analysis":"For locally one-dimensional continuum gas conduction, flux scales roughly with k_g/g; spatial gap distribution matters. Correlation length enters only through lateral transport, contacts or connected flow, so equal one-point gap distributions may erase the effect. No theorem guarantees the prediction.","independent_replication":"Replicate with independently produced textures and a second calorimetric setup. Gate on complete topography and a resolved spectral effect beyond separation uncertainty. Failure to obtain the primary source is an evidence limitation, not a positive result.","proof_status":"Unproved. No new experimental observations, physical demonstration, universal theorem, or worldwide novelty verification is supplied.","decision_rule":"Before collecting confirmation data, use pilot-only noise and engineering resolution to choose a smallest meaningful effect. Fix the confirmatory sample size from independent-unit variance and a declared precision/power target. Support requires the preregistered directional contrast with uncertainty excluding that negligible interval and independent replication. A null or reversed effect with adequate precision is contrary evidence within the tested range; an imprecise null is inconclusive."},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v3/Selections.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v3/Dossiers.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v3--S3-0050","id":"S3-0050","volume":"900v3","title":"Thermal diffusion across perforations","prediction":"A connected slot produces an arrival-time ridge absent from separated holes.","test":"Pulse laser-safe resistive heaters on machined sheets and compare infrared maps with known geometry.","contrary":"Arrival maps depend only on removed area after boundary conditions are matched.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["energy"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v3/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S3-0050","title":"Thermal diffusion across perforations","question":"Can the first-arrival thermal map distinguish isolated holes from a connected slot at identical removed area?","prediction":"A connected slot produces an arrival-time ridge absent from separated holes.","test":"Pulse laser-safe resistive heaters on machined sheets and compare infrared maps with known geometry.","contrary_outcome":"Arrival maps depend only on removed area after boundary conditions are matched.","status":"Speculative; no experimental data or proof supplied","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; related literature is not an exact-novelty certificate","composition":"Individually authored mechanism-specific record; no Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S3-0050","title":"Thermal diffusion across perforations","question":"Can the first-arrival thermal map distinguish isolated holes from a connected slot at identical removed area?","prediction":"A connected slot produces an arrival-time ridge absent from separated holes.","test":"Pulse laser-safe resistive heaters on machined sheets and compare infrared maps with known geometry.","contrary_outcome":"Arrival maps depend only on removed area after boundary conditions are matched.","status":"Speculative; no experimental data or proof supplied","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; related literature is not an exact-novelty certificate","composition":"Individually authored mechanism-specific record; no Cartesian expansion","selection_basis":"Subjective shortlist: observable physical contrast, reversible comparison possible, and a bench-scale primary measurement described. No truth probability assigned; worldwide novelty unverified.","feasibility":"Provisional bench-scale feasibility; apparatus availability, resolution and safety require local pilot review.","plausibility":"Conditional mechanism consistency only; empirical direction untested.","literature_query":"Can the first-arrival thermal map distinguish isolated holes from a connected slot at identical removed area experimental physical mechanism"},"dossier":{"id":"S3-0050","title":"Thermal diffusion across perforations","question":"Can the first-arrival thermal map distinguish isolated holes from a connected slot at identical removed area?","prediction":"A connected slot produces an arrival-time ridge absent from separated holes.","test":"Pulse laser-safe resistive heaters on machined sheets and compare infrared maps with known geometry.","contrary_outcome":"Arrival maps depend only on removed area after boundary conditions are matched.","status":"Speculative; no experimental data or proof supplied","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; related literature is not an exact-novelty certificate","composition":"Individually authored mechanism-specific record; no Cartesian expansion","selection_basis":"Subjective shortlist: observable physical contrast, reversible comparison possible, and a bench-scale primary measurement described. No truth probability assigned; worldwide novelty unverified.","feasibility":"Provisional bench-scale feasibility; apparatus availability, resolution and safety require local pilot review.","plausibility":"Conditional mechanism consistency only; empirical direction untested.","literature_query":"Can the first-arrival thermal map distinguish isolated holes from a connected slot at identical removed area experimental physical mechanism","bibliography":"Characterizing Depth of Defects with Low Size/Depth Aspect Ratio and Low Thermal Reflection by Using Pulsed IR Thermography(2021), PMID33920169; author/DOI verification pending.","source_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8069946/","access_level":"Primary-paper bibliographic lead and snippets only; full-text access blocked by browser challenge.","evidence_scope":"The lead concerns thermographic sensitivity to defect dimensions. No inaccessible quantitative finding is treated as evidence for distinguishing connected slots from isolated holes.","primary_measure":"Difference between first-arrival time fields, seconds, and a prespecified connectivity-classification score on held-out specimens.","calibration":"Calibrate time zero, heater spatial uniformity, camera response, spatial resolution, emissivity and baseline diffusivity. Verify hole/slot area and thickness independently. Define arrival against measured noise.","comparison_design":"Compare equal-removed-area connected slots and separated holes with matched position, plate mass and boundary exposure. Include rotated patterns, sealed versus open apertures and void-free controls to separate convection.","analysis_plan":"Fit a common diffusion model using measured geometry; compare arrival ridges rather than tuning a classifier to each image. Estimate error using whole-specimen resampling. Test classification on unseen patterns.","conditional_analysis":"Connectivity changes admissible heat paths, but equal removed area does not isolate topology from perimeter or shape. Use additional controls matching perimeter where possible. Heat smoothing may erase distinctions; no inverse uniqueness proof is provided.","independent_replication":"Replicate on independently machined plates with another heating pattern and camera. Gate on blinded classification and persistence after mass, perimeter, convection and emissivity controls.","proof_status":"Unproved. No new experimental observations, physical demonstration, universal theorem, or worldwide novelty verification is supplied.","decision_rule":"Before collecting confirmation data, use pilot-only noise and engineering resolution to choose a smallest meaningful effect. Fix the confirmatory sample size from independent-unit variance and a declared precision/power target. Support requires the preregistered directional contrast with uncertainty excluding that negligible interval and independent replication. A null or reversed effect with adequate precision is contrary evidence within the tested range; an imprecise null is inconclusive."},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v3/Selections.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v3/Dossiers.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v3--S3-0059","id":"S3-0059","volume":"900v3","title":"Thermal stress crack shielding","prediction":"A slit delays crack onset in one orientation despite increasing mechanical stress concentration.","test":"Use brittle nonhazardous coupons with matched flaws; measure full-field temperature and strain during cooling.","contrary":"Slits always accelerate cracking once flaw size is controlled.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["energy","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v3/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S3-0059","title":"Thermal stress crack shielding","question":"Can a pre-existing blunt slit suppress a thermally driven crack by diverting heat before stress concentration dominates?","prediction":"A slit delays crack onset in one orientation despite increasing mechanical stress concentration.","test":"Use brittle nonhazardous coupons with matched flaws; measure full-field temperature and strain during cooling.","contrary_outcome":"Slits always accelerate cracking once flaw size is controlled.","status":"Speculative; no experimental data or proof supplied","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; related literature is not an exact-novelty certificate","composition":"Individually authored mechanism-specific record; no Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S3-0059","title":"Thermal stress crack shielding","question":"Can a pre-existing blunt slit suppress a thermally driven crack by diverting heat before stress concentration dominates?","prediction":"A slit delays crack onset in one orientation despite increasing mechanical stress concentration.","test":"Use brittle nonhazardous coupons with matched flaws; measure full-field temperature and strain during cooling.","contrary_outcome":"Slits always accelerate cracking once flaw size is controlled.","status":"Speculative; no experimental data or proof supplied","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; related literature is not an exact-novelty certificate","composition":"Individually authored mechanism-specific record; no Cartesian expansion","selection_basis":"Subjective shortlist: observable physical contrast, reversible comparison possible, and a bench-scale primary measurement described. No truth probability assigned; worldwide novelty unverified.","feasibility":"Provisional bench-scale feasibility; apparatus availability, resolution and safety require local pilot review.","plausibility":"Conditional mechanism consistency only; empirical direction untested.","literature_query":"Can a pre-existing blunt slit suppress a thermally driven crack by diverting heat before stress concentration dominates experimental physical mechanism"},"dossier":{"id":"S3-0059","title":"Thermal stress crack shielding","question":"Can a pre-existing blunt slit suppress a thermally driven crack by diverting heat before stress concentration dominates?","prediction":"A slit delays crack onset in one orientation despite increasing mechanical stress concentration.","test":"Use brittle nonhazardous coupons with matched flaws; measure full-field temperature and strain during cooling.","contrary_outcome":"Slits always accelerate cracking once flaw size is controlled.","status":"Speculative; no experimental data or proof supplied","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; related literature is not an exact-novelty certificate","composition":"Individually authored mechanism-specific record; no Cartesian expansion","selection_basis":"Subjective shortlist: observable physical contrast, reversible comparison possible, and a bench-scale primary measurement described. No truth probability assigned; worldwide novelty unverified.","feasibility":"Provisional bench-scale feasibility; apparatus availability, resolution and safety require local pilot review.","plausibility":"Conditional mechanism consistency only; empirical direction untested.","literature_query":"Can a pre-existing blunt slit suppress a thermally driven crack by diverting heat before stress concentration dominates experimental physical mechanism","bibliography":"A. Sonoda, S. Kashiwagi, S. Hamada and H. Noguchi(2008), Quantitative Evaluation of Heat Crack Initiation Condition Under Thermal Shock, Journal of Solid Mechanics and Materials Engineering2(1):128ff; DOI10.1299/jmmp.2.128.","source_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jmmp/2/1/2_1_128/_pdf","access_level":"Primary-paper PDF accessed as text,9pages.","evidence_scope":"The paper compares thermal-stress gradients and notched tensile specimens. Its high-temperature steel experiments are related mechanics evidence; they do not prove slit-induced thermal shielding or prescribe a safe laboratory protocol.","primary_measure":"Critical imposed cooling contrast at first verified crack, K, plus measured local strain and temperature gradients.","calibration":"Calibrate geometry, initial flaw size, cooling field, camera timing and strain response. Measure modulus, expansion coefficient and fracture resistance independently on safe restrained coupons.","comparison_design":"Use a factorial design: slit orientation versus no slit, and thermal-gradient loading versus mechanically matched isothermal loading. This separates heat-path diversion from ordinary stress concentration. Enclose small coupons and choose mild conditions during pilots.","analysis_plan":"Compute thermoelastic stresses from measured temperature fields and independently calibrated boundaries. Compare crack onset against a fracture criterion with propagated material uncertainty; validate on withheld slit orientations.","conditional_analysis":"Thermal stress scales with constrained expansion and local temperature gradients, while a slit also concentrates mechanical stress. The net sign can change with geometry and boundary conditions. A finite-element fit is conditional model evidence, not proof of a newly proposed universal shielding law.","independent_replication":"Replicate with separately prepared flaw populations and an independent cooling method. Gate on consistent thermal delay, direct measured heat diversion and failure of the isothermal control to show the same protective effect.","proof_status":"Unproved. No new experimental observations, physical demonstration, universal theorem, or worldwide novelty verification is supplied.","decision_rule":"Before collecting confirmation data, use pilot-only noise and engineering resolution to choose a smallest meaningful effect. Fix the confirmatory sample size from independent-unit variance and a declared precision/power target. Support requires the preregistered directional contrast with uncertainty excluding that negligible interval and independent replication. A null or reversed effect with adequate precision is contrary evidence within the tested range; an imprecise null is inconclusive."},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v3/Selections.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v3/Dossiers.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v4--S4-0012","id":"S4-0012","volume":"900v4","title":"A shaped pulley should transform a sinusoidal input into a nearly triangular displacement waveform.","prediction":"A shaped pulley should transform a sinusoidal input into a nearly triangular displacement waveform.","test":"Measure output against the kinematic design.","contrary":"Waveform distortion remains large.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v4/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S4-0012","hypothesis":"A shaped pulley should transform a sinusoidal input into a nearly triangular displacement waveform.","prediction":"A shaped pulley should transform a sinusoidal input into a nearly triangular displacement waveform.","test":"Measure output against the kinematic design.","contrary_outcome":"Waveform distortion remains large.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, no Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S4-0012","hypothesis":"A shaped pulley should transform a sinusoidal input into a nearly triangular displacement waveform.","prediction":"A shaped pulley should transform a sinusoidal input into a nearly triangular displacement waveform.","test":"Measure output against the kinematic design.","contrary_outcome":"Waveform distortion remains large.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, no Cartesian expansion","rank":9,"query":"A shaped pulley transform a sinusoidal input into a nearly triangular displacement waveform. experimental mechanism","selection_basis":"Subjective editorial shortlist for explicit perturbation, observable endpoint, accessible controls and mechanism diversity. No empirical probability score.","selection_endpoint":"Measure output against the kinematic design."},"dossier":{"id":"S4-0012","title":"Pulley shaping of a sinusoidal input","why_selected":"Kinematic waveform shaping permits a direct mathematical target, while finite acceleration and cable mechanics supply decisive practical limits.","sources":[{"title":"Investigation of a laboratory mechanical system with fibre and pulley","url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40435-014-0064-y","access":"Research-registry description of primary work read","finding":"The described study measures and models a driven fibre/pulley system under several waveforms. It supports attention to cable dynamics, not the proposed triangular-output pulley profile."}],"design":"Drive a shaped pulley with a measured sinusoidal input angle and read cable displacement with an encoder. Choose a smoothed triangular target to avoid an ideal corner's infinite acceleration. Compare with a circular pulley under equal amplitude and speed. Build independent profiles and measure cable tension, slip, and output over several frequencies.","endpoints":"Primary: waveform root-mean-square error relative to the declared smoothed triangle. Secondary: harmonic distortion, peak tension, phase lag, and wear drift. Proposed benefit is lower waveform error than a circular pulley without loss of cable contact.","controls":"Quasistatic angle-position scan; circular pulley; direct displacement-stage target; reversed travel; tension variation; cable stretch calibration. Include motor tracking error in measured input rather than attributing it to the pulley.","conditional_analysis":"For normalized sinusoidal input x=sin(theta), the function y=(2/pi)*arcsin(x) yields a triangular periodic waveform when evaluated over full theta. However dy/dx=2/(pi*sqrt(1-x^2)) diverges at x=+/-1, so a finite, smooth physical transmission cannot implement the ideal mapping exactly at turning points. A bounded-slope approximation is required. This is a conditional kinematic identity and a realizability limitation, not proof of a manufacturable pulley.","analysis_plan":"Publish the designed bounded-slope mapping before tests, compare measured quasistatic and dynamic errors, and quantify how smoothing trades corner sharpness for tension. Reject the device claim if slip or cable elasticity dominates or if no useful waveform improvement survives at finite speed.","limitations":"Unproved implementation; standard waveform transformations and pulley mechanics have extensive prior art. No new theorem or experimental success claimed.","rank":9,"hypothesis":"A shaped pulley should transform a sinusoidal input into a nearly triangular displacement waveform.","status":"speculative; no physical data or proof"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v4/Selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v4/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v4--S4-0039","id":"S4-0039","volume":"900v4","title":"A spring-coupled pair of sliders should compute a weighted average position under quasistatic loading.","prediction":"A spring-coupled pair of sliders should compute a weighted average position under quasistatic loading.","test":"Compare equilibrium with input positions.","contrary":"Friction prevents the predicted average.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v4/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S4-0039","hypothesis":"A spring-coupled pair of sliders should compute a weighted average position under quasistatic loading.","prediction":"A spring-coupled pair of sliders should compute a weighted average position under quasistatic loading.","test":"Compare equilibrium with input positions.","contrary_outcome":"Friction prevents the predicted average.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, no Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S4-0039","hypothesis":"A spring-coupled pair of sliders should compute a weighted average position under quasistatic loading.","prediction":"A spring-coupled pair of sliders should compute a weighted average position under quasistatic loading.","test":"Compare equilibrium with input positions.","contrary_outcome":"Friction prevents the predicted average.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, no Cartesian expansion","rank":1,"query":"A spring-coupled pair of sliders compute a weighted average position under quasistatic loading. experimental mechanism","selection_basis":"Subjective editorial shortlist for explicit perturbation, observable endpoint, accessible controls and mechanism diversity. No empirical probability score.","selection_endpoint":"Compare equilibrium with input positions."},"dossier":{"id":"S4-0039","title":"Spring-network weighted averaging","why_selected":"A low-cost static test has a closed conditional solution, so friction and manufacturing deviations can be quantified directly rather than hidden inside a complex simulation.","sources":[{"title":"The quasi-static approximation of the spring-slider motion","url":"https://npg.copernicus.org/articles/3/143/1996/npg-3-143-1996.html","access":"Primary abstract read","finding":"The paper studies limits of neglecting inertia in a frictional spring-slider. It is a caution about quasistatic assumptions, not evidence that this proposed averaging fixture performs accurately."}],"design":"Connect a low-friction output slider to two input sliders with independently calibrated linear springs. Measure spring constants over the intended stroke. Set input positions on a two-dimensional grid and read output after settling. Use at least five independent spring/slider assemblies, randomize approach direction, and reserve mixed input pairs for validation. The initial replicate count is a planning choice; a variance pilot must set final precision requirements.","endpoints":"Primary: error between measured output and the calibrated stiffness-weighted mean. Secondary: approach-direction hysteresis, settling time, and useful stroke. Proposed criterion: output error below 2% of full-scale stroke for held-out positions, specified before validation.","controls":"Single-spring calibration, swapped springs, output load perturbations, reversed approach direction, and a deliberately high-friction slider. Measure output loading explicitly; an attached pointer or sensor is not force-free.","conditional_analysis":"Assume positive linear spring constants k1,k2, collinear motion, no friction, and no external output force. U(x)=k1*(x-a)^2/2+k2*(x-b)^2/2. Its derivative vanishes only at x=(k1*a+k2*b)/(k1+k2), and U''=k1+k2>0 proves a unique energy minimum. An external load F shifts the result by F/(k1+k2), with sign set by convention. This is an exact conditional statics result, not an original theorem or proof of hardware accuracy.","analysis_plan":"Fit no free averaging weights after independent spring calibration. Report held-out residuals, hysteresis loops, and sensitivity to output load. Reject the useful device claim if error or hysteresis exceeds the predefined tolerance or if weights drift between assemblies.","limitations":"Unproved physical implementation; standard spring equilibrium already establishes the broad principle. No physical data or novelty certified.","rank":1,"hypothesis":"A spring-coupled pair of sliders should compute a weighted average position under quasistatic loading.","status":"speculative; no physical data or proof"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v4/Selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v4/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v4--S4-0123","id":"S4-0123","volume":"900v4","title":"A vibrating aperture should estimate a beam's local intensity gradient from its first harmonic.","prediction":"A vibrating aperture should estimate a beam's local intensity gradient from its first harmonic.","test":"Scan known beam profiles.","contrary":"Harmonic output follows intensity alone.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":[],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v4/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S4-0123","hypothesis":"A vibrating aperture should estimate a beam's local intensity gradient from its first harmonic.","prediction":"A vibrating aperture should estimate a beam's local intensity gradient from its first harmonic.","test":"Scan known beam profiles.","contrary_outcome":"Harmonic output follows intensity alone.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, no Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S4-0123","hypothesis":"A vibrating aperture should estimate a beam's local intensity gradient from its first harmonic.","prediction":"A vibrating aperture should estimate a beam's local intensity gradient from its first harmonic.","test":"Scan known beam profiles.","contrary_outcome":"Harmonic output follows intensity alone.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, no Cartesian expansion","rank":2,"query":"A vibrating aperture estimate a beam's local intensity gradient from its first harmonic. experimental mechanism","selection_basis":"Subjective editorial shortlist for explicit perturbation, observable endpoint, accessible controls and mechanism diversity. No empirical probability score.","selection_endpoint":"Scan known beam profiles."},"dossier":{"id":"S4-0123","title":"Vibrating-aperture gradient readout","why_selected":"The small-modulation expansion supplies a quantitative signal prediction and a strong amplitude-scaling falsification test.","sources":[{"title":"Coherent and incoherent operation in optical vibration microscopy","url":"https://opg.optica.org/ao/abstract.cfm?uri=ao-36-17-3920","access":"Primary publisher abstract read","finding":"Korpel and Snyder analyze aperture-dependent vibration microscopy and report different harmonic information in coherent and incoherent limits. This directly warns that a harmonic interpretation depends on the optical regime; it is not generic proof of the proposed first-harmonic intensity-gradient channel."}],"design":"Translate a narrow aperture sinusoidally across a stable, safely enclosed low-power beam. Record actual aperture motion and photodetector power synchronously. Use independently calibrated beam profiles with known positive, negative, and near-zero gradients. Sweep modulation amplitude while keeping detector response linear, and repeat with coherent and diffuse illumination.","endpoints":"Primary: signed first-harmonic amplitude divided by mechanical amplitude versus independently measured power gradient. Secondary: higher-harmonic contamination and spatial bias. A useful device requires a predeclared gradient error bound on held-out profiles, not merely visible modulation.","controls":"Stationary aperture, flat intensity field, reversed displacement phase, source-power modulation without motion, detector linearity check, and several aperture widths. Record stray scattering from the aperture edge.","conditional_analysis":"Let P(s) be transmitted power through an aperture centered at s. For s=s0+a*cos(wt), smooth P gives P(t)=P(s0)+a*P'(s0)*cos(wt)+O(a^2). For a slit of width d, P'(s)=I(s+d/2)-I(s-d/2), which approaches d*I'(s) only when the intensity is smooth over d. The expansion proves a leading-order relation for the assumed power function, not a universal microscopy theorem. Coherent diffraction and finite aperture can invalidate the simple intensity model.","analysis_plan":"Check linear scaling with a and sign reversal with gradient. Estimate the amplitude range where the remainder is below uncertainty, then lock it before held-out tests. Reject the claim if first-harmonic response is dominated by phase effects or edge scattering.","limitations":"Unproved geometry-specific sensor; substantial vibration-microscopy prior art. No new optical discovery or measured performance asserted.","rank":2,"hypothesis":"A vibrating aperture should estimate a beam's local intensity gradient from its first harmonic.","status":"speculative; no physical data or proof"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v4/Selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v4/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v4--S4-0210","id":"S4-0210","volume":"900v4","title":"A patterned void array should make an impact pulse split into two delayed arrivals.","prediction":"A patterned void array should make an impact pulse split into two delayed arrivals.","test":"Measure transmitted waveforms.","contrary":"Only one broadened pulse appears.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v4/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S4-0210","hypothesis":"A patterned void array should make an impact pulse split into two delayed arrivals.","prediction":"A patterned void array should make an impact pulse split into two delayed arrivals.","test":"Measure transmitted waveforms.","contrary_outcome":"Only one broadened pulse appears.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, no Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S4-0210","hypothesis":"A patterned void array should make an impact pulse split into two delayed arrivals.","prediction":"A patterned void array should make an impact pulse split into two delayed arrivals.","test":"Measure transmitted waveforms.","contrary_outcome":"Only one broadened pulse appears.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, no Cartesian expansion","rank":3,"query":"A patterned void array make an impact pulse split into two delayed arrivals. experimental mechanism","selection_basis":"Subjective editorial shortlist for explicit perturbation, observable endpoint, accessible controls and mechanism diversity. No empirical probability score.","selection_endpoint":"Measure transmitted waveforms."},"dossier":{"id":"S4-0210","title":"Void-array pulse splitting","why_selected":"Two distinct arrivals and their energy content can be measured directly; the strongest model prediction is separable from claims about a fabricated lattice.","sources":[{"title":"Focusing and Mode Separation of Elastic Vector Solitons in a 2D Soft Mechanical Metamaterial","url":"https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.024101","access":"Primary publisher abstract read","finding":"Deng and colleagues report experimental, numerical, and analytical pulse-mode separation in a soft mechanical metamaterial. This establishes closely related prior art and does not verify the proposed void geometry or two-arrival timing."}],"design":"Fabricate elastic strips containing a designed void region that creates two mechanically coupled propagation routes. Launch a reproducible low-energy impact and measure full-field displacement or multiple accelerometers before and after the region. Compare at least five independent specimens with a solid strip and a mass-matched nonbranching void control.","endpoints":"Primary: separation between two identifiable arrival peaks divided by input pulse width. Secondary: energy in each arrival, transmitted energy, and reproducibility. Predefine a split as two peaks each exceeding a noise-based energy threshold, separated by more than the instrument impulse width.","controls":"Solid strip; equal-mass geometry; reversed launch direction; multiple pulse amplitudes; support-reflection timing; independent sensor impulse calibration. Verify that a second peak is not an end reflection.","conditional_analysis":"In an assumed linear two-path model y(t)=A1*f(t-t1)+A2*f(t-t2). Distinct arrivals can occur when |t2-t1| exceeds pulse duration and both amplitudes exceed noise. This expression follows from linear superposition, but it assumes paths and coupling coefficients that the void structure may not realize. Nonlinear solitons, dispersion, damping, and mode conversion require different models; the cited nonlinear lattice result cannot be imported as proof.","analysis_plan":"Estimate arrival windows from independently measured path speeds before inspecting the final output. Report raw waveforms and energy accounting, including lost or reflected energy. Reject the device claim if the apparent split disappears after reflection control or if one branch carries negligible energy.","limitations":"Unproved physical structure. The broad pulse-separation phenomenon is already published; no global novelty or original theorem claimed.","rank":3,"hypothesis":"A patterned void array should make an impact pulse split into two delayed arrivals.","status":"speculative; no physical data or proof"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v4/Selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v4/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v4--S4-0307","id":"S4-0307","volume":"900v4","title":"A moving contact line should sort inert particles by rolling versus sliding mobility at equal size.","prediction":"A moving contact line should sort inert particles by rolling versus sliding mobility at equal size.","test":"Track calibrated particles.","contrary":"Mobility does not predict deposition position.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v4/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S4-0307","hypothesis":"A moving contact line should sort inert particles by rolling versus sliding mobility at equal size.","prediction":"A moving contact line should sort inert particles by rolling versus sliding mobility at equal size.","test":"Track calibrated particles.","contrary_outcome":"Mobility does not predict deposition position.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, no Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S4-0307","hypothesis":"A moving contact line should sort inert particles by rolling versus sliding mobility at equal size.","prediction":"A moving contact line should sort inert particles by rolling versus sliding mobility at equal size.","test":"Track calibrated particles.","contrary_outcome":"Mobility does not predict deposition position.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, no Cartesian expansion","rank":4,"query":"A moving contact line sort inert particles by rolling versus sliding mobility at equal size. experimental mechanism","selection_basis":"Subjective editorial shortlist for explicit perturbation, observable endpoint, accessible controls and mechanism diversity. No empirical probability score.","selection_endpoint":"Track calibrated particles."},"dossier":{"id":"S4-0307","title":"Contact-line sorting by rolling mobility","why_selected":"The proposal links a directly measurable single-particle property to an observable deposition endpoint and has several clear competing explanations.","sources":[{"title":"Characterizing sliding and rolling contacts between single particles","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40048270/","access":"Primary article abstract and metadata read","finding":"The study measures rolling and sliding at particle contacts and finds traction-dependent rolling behavior. It supports measuring mobility separately, not sorting by a receding meniscus."},{"title":"An experimental and theoretical study of the inward particle drift in contact line deposits","url":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2022/sm/d2sm00142j","access":"Primary publisher abstract read","finding":"The study links evaporation-driven interface descent, particle/substrate friction, and deposit motion. This is strong related work and a confounding mechanism for any proposed rolling-specific separation."}],"design":"Use equal-diameter inert particles with independently measured rolling resistance and similar density/wettability, distinguishable by nonreactive optical marks. Recede a water meniscus at controlled speed on a characterized substrate and track particle rotation as well as translation. Use multiple independent substrate preparations and mixed populations; analyze particle trajectories blind to mobility class.","endpoints":"Primary: difference in final deposition position between mobility classes at matched size. Secondary: observed rolling fraction, escape probability, and sorting purity versus recovery. Proposed useful separation must persist after controlling contact angle and density.","controls":"Pinned contact line; no evaporation with externally moved meniscus; rotation-constrained particles; pure populations; substrate rotation; matched wetting measurements. Surface modification used to change friction may also change capillary forces and must be measured.","conditional_analysis":"A simple force comparison can only suggest regimes: capillary force competes with translational friction and rolling resistance torque divided by radius. No universal ordering theorem follows because immersion, contact-line pinning, roughness, and hydrodynamic drag change simultaneously. The physical sorting claim remains unproved. A fitted trajectory model is not evidence of the mechanism unless independent mobility measurements predict held-out trajectories.","analysis_plan":"Use device/substrate-level replication rather than counting every particle as independent. Fit deposition position with mobility, size, wetting, and local flow covariates; publish null and failed tracks. Reject rolling-specific sorting if its effect disappears after these controls or if rotation-constrained controls separate equally.","limitations":"No physical data. Related contact-line deposition and friction research already exists. Useful purity, scalability, and novelty remain unknown.","rank":4,"hypothesis":"A moving contact line should sort inert particles by rolling versus sliding mobility at equal size.","status":"speculative; no physical data or proof"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v4/Selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v4/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v4--S4-0414","id":"S4-0414","volume":"900v4","title":"A bistable oscillator should retain the order of two impulse magnitudes in its final state.","prediction":"A bistable oscillator should retain the order of two impulse magnitudes in its final state.","test":"Reverse paired impulses.","contrary":"Order does not affect state.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":[],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v4/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S4-0414","hypothesis":"A bistable oscillator should retain the order of two impulse magnitudes in its final state.","prediction":"A bistable oscillator should retain the order of two impulse magnitudes in its final state.","test":"Reverse paired impulses.","contrary_outcome":"Order does not affect state.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, no Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S4-0414","hypothesis":"A bistable oscillator should retain the order of two impulse magnitudes in its final state.","prediction":"A bistable oscillator should retain the order of two impulse magnitudes in its final state.","test":"Reverse paired impulses.","contrary_outcome":"Order does not affect state.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, no Cartesian expansion","rank":5,"query":"A bistable oscillator retain the order of two impulse magnitudes in its final state. experimental mechanism","selection_basis":"Subjective editorial shortlist for explicit perturbation, observable endpoint, accessible controls and mechanism diversity. No empirical probability score.","selection_endpoint":"Reverse paired impulses."},"dossier":{"id":"S4-0414","title":"Impulse-order memory in a bistable oscillator","why_selected":"Reversing an otherwise matched pulse pair is a clean intervention, while equal-impulse and equal-energy controls expose trivial explanations.","sources":[{"title":"Bistable phase control via rocking in a nonlinear electronic oscillator","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17199404/","access":"Primary abstract read","finding":"Buldu and colleagues demonstrate phase bistability under a phase-alternating electronic drive. It supports nonlinear state selection as background but does not establish mechanical impulse-order memory."}],"design":"Construct an elastic bistable beam with two well-characterized stable states. Starting from the same state, apply a large and a small calibrated force impulse separated by a controlled delay, then reverse their order. Measure force history and full motion, not nominal actuator commands. Repeat across independent beams and randomized sequences after a verified reset.","endpoints":"Primary: difference in final-state probability between AB and BA sequences. Secondary: dependence on delay, pulse width, total impulse, and total work. A useful memory requires a preregistered separation above reset variability over a bounded operating region.","controls":"Single pulses, equal pulses, long delays allowing full relaxation, time-reversed force traces, symmetric monostable beam, and equal-work pulse pairs. Initial velocity must be measured or bounded.","conditional_analysis":"For m*xdd+c*xd+U'(x)=F(t), two impulses apply velocity jumps while free evolution changes position and velocity between them. The resulting state maps need not commute; AB and BA can therefore differ. Noncommutation alone does not prove different final wells: both trajectories may relax to the same basin. No geometry-independent order-memory theorem is claimed. A model prediction must use independently calibrated U, damping, and measured pulses.","analysis_plan":"Map final-state probabilities versus delay on a training region, then lock an operating point and test new beams. Report state-classification uncertainty and reset failures. Reject memory if order effects are explained entirely by unequal delivered work or uncontrolled initial motion.","limitations":"Unproved mechanical claim; bistable memory and nonlinear phase selection are established topics. No successful memory or novel theorem asserted.","rank":5,"hypothesis":"A bistable oscillator should retain the order of two impulse magnitudes in its final state.","status":"speculative; no physical data or proof"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v4/Selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v4/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v4--S4-0616","id":"S4-0616","volume":"900v4","title":"A rotating slotted conductor should produce distinguishable drag signatures for surface and through-thickness cracks.","prediction":"A rotating slotted conductor should produce distinguishable drag signatures for surface and through-thickness cracks.","test":"Scan known defects.","contrary":"Signatures overlap.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":[],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v4/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S4-0616","hypothesis":"A rotating slotted conductor should produce distinguishable drag signatures for surface and through-thickness cracks.","prediction":"A rotating slotted conductor should produce distinguishable drag signatures for surface and through-thickness cracks.","test":"Scan known defects.","contrary_outcome":"Signatures overlap.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, no Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S4-0616","hypothesis":"A rotating slotted conductor should produce distinguishable drag signatures for surface and through-thickness cracks.","prediction":"A rotating slotted conductor should produce distinguishable drag signatures for surface and through-thickness cracks.","test":"Scan known defects.","contrary_outcome":"Signatures overlap.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, no Cartesian expansion","rank":6,"query":"A rotating slotted conductor produce distinguishable drag signatures for surface and through-thickness cracks. experimental mechanism","selection_basis":"Subjective editorial shortlist for explicit perturbation, observable endpoint, accessible controls and mechanism diversity. No empirical probability score.","selection_endpoint":"Scan known defects."},"dossier":{"id":"S4-0616","title":"Mechanical gap modulation for conductivity/lift-off separation","why_selected":"A practical nuisance parameter can be deliberately modulated, allowing a quantitative identifiability test before claiming better measurements.","sources":[{"title":"A dual-stage dimensionless method for simultaneous estimation of electrical conductivity, lift-off, and thickness in Eddy Current Testing","url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2026.120640","access":"Primary publisher search-accessible abstract read; direct page denied access","finding":"The authors report simultaneous conductivity/lift-off estimation using frequency-dependent measurements. This is close prior art and shows that the broad inverse problem is already studied; it does not validate mechanical gap modulation."},{"title":"Study of Lift-Off Invariance for Pulsed Eddy-Current Signals","url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2008.2006246","access":"Author-institution abstract read","finding":"The work studies lift-off invariance and its dependence on probe geometry and conductivity. It cautions that compensation features are not universal."}],"design":"Place an inductive probe on a calibrated small-amplitude translation stage above nonmagnetic conductive standards of independently measured conductivity and thickness. Record complex impedance and its synchronous change during gap modulation. Vary mean lift-off, conductivity, tilt, and temperature independently. Reserve new plates and gaps for held-out validation.","endpoints":"Primary: conductivity error under unknown lift-off using modulated versus unmodulated measurements. Secondary: estimated gap error, sensitivity singular values, and sensitivity to tilt. Predefine the acceptable uncertainty after instrument-noise calibration.","controls":"Fixed-gap measurement, direct optical gap reference, nonconductive target, known thickness changes, tilt perturbations, and cable-motion-only control. Mechanical modulation can itself change wiring impedance.","conditional_analysis":"Let measured complex impedance be Z(sigma,h). Small gap modulation h=h0+a*cos(wt) gives a first-harmonic approximately a*dZ/dh. The observable pair (Z,dZ/dh) can locally identify (sigma,h) only if its real-valued sensitivity matrix has rank two at the noise level. Full rank gives local linear inversion; it does not guarantee global uniqueness, numerical stability, or correctness of the electromagnetic model. No unconditional separation theorem follows.","analysis_plan":"Estimate sensitivities from independent standards, quantify conditioning, then evaluate held-out plates without fitting their true conductivity. Compare against a frequency-based baseline and publish all high-error cases. Reject the proposal if modulation adds wiring artifacts or fails to improve uncertainty.","limitations":"Unproved protocol; conductivity/lift-off inversion has substantial prior art. No measured accuracy or novelty certified.","rank":6,"hypothesis":"A rotating slotted conductor should produce distinguishable drag signatures for surface and through-thickness cracks.","status":"speculative; no physical data or proof"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v4/Selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v4/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v4--S4-0731","id":"S4-0731","volume":"900v4","title":"A porous chamber wall should reveal absorbed moisture through a changed pressure-relaxation tail.","prediction":"A porous chamber wall should reveal absorbed moisture through a changed pressure-relaxation tail.","test":"Control moisture loading.","contrary":"Tail is dominated by leaks.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v4/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S4-0731","hypothesis":"A porous chamber wall should reveal absorbed moisture through a changed pressure-relaxation tail.","prediction":"A porous chamber wall should reveal absorbed moisture through a changed pressure-relaxation tail.","test":"Control moisture loading.","contrary_outcome":"Tail is dominated by leaks.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, no Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S4-0731","hypothesis":"A porous chamber wall should reveal absorbed moisture through a changed pressure-relaxation tail.","prediction":"A porous chamber wall should reveal absorbed moisture through a changed pressure-relaxation tail.","test":"Control moisture loading.","contrary_outcome":"Tail is dominated by leaks.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, no Cartesian expansion","rank":7,"query":"A porous chamber wall reveal absorbed moisture through a changed pressure-relaxation tail. experimental mechanism","selection_basis":"Subjective editorial shortlist for explicit perturbation, observable endpoint, accessible controls and mechanism diversity. No empirical probability score.","selection_endpoint":"Control moisture loading."},"dossier":{"id":"S4-0731","title":"Moisture-dependent pressure-relaxation tails","why_selected":"Moisture can be independently weighed, and a pressure-decay protocol makes competing leak and permeability explanations testable.","sources":[{"title":"Effect of air pressure on moisture transfer inside porous building materials","url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2475-8876.12047","access":"Primary publisher abstract read","finding":"Fukui and colleagues compare water uptake when air escape is restricted and model coupled air/moisture transfer. This supports coupling between moisture and pore-gas pressure, not uniqueness of a relaxation-tail moisture indicator."}],"design":"Condition porous wall coupons to known gravimetric moisture contents, mount them around a small reference chamber, and apply a modest repeatable pressure step. Measure full pressure decay and specimen mass. Use independent coupons, randomized moisture states where reversible, and blank chamber tests before each run. Track temperature and any liquid motion.","endpoints":"Primary: held-out moisture-estimation error from a preregistered decay-tail feature. Secondary: fitted fast and slow timescales, leak-rate sensitivity, and recovery after drying. A useful indicator must distinguish adjacent moisture states beyond chamber drift.","controls":"Nonporous wall, calibrated pinhole leaks, dry porous coupons with changed permeability, equal-mass surface water, temperature steps, and sealed/vented pore boundaries. Moisture changes both storage and transport and can alter chamber volume.","conditional_analysis":"In a lumped linear model Ceff*dp/dt=-G*p, the decay time is tau=Ceff/G. Added sorption storage could increase Ceff, but moisture may decrease or increase conductance G. Thus a longer tail is not uniquely attributable to moisture, and no monotonicity theorem is defensible without independently constraining G. A multiexponential fit can describe data while remaining physically nonidentifiable.","analysis_plan":"Compare moisture-only predictions against leak-only and permeability controls using held-out coupons. Publish parameter covariance and residual structure, not just fit quality. Reject the diagnostic claim if different dry/leak conditions reproduce the same tail or if calibration fails after wet-dry cycling.","limitations":"Unproved sensor concept; primary related work establishes coupled transport only. No experimental moisture estimates or novelty claim.","rank":7,"hypothesis":"A porous chamber wall should reveal absorbed moisture through a changed pressure-relaxation tail.","status":"speculative; no physical data or proof"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v4/Selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v4/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v4--S4-0849","id":"S4-0849","volume":"900v4","title":"A self-equalizing clamp should reduce dimensional error after unclamping a thin workpiece.","prediction":"A self-equalizing clamp should reduce dimensional error after unclamping a thin workpiece.","test":"Measure before/after geometry.","contrary":"Equal forces do not reduce springback.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v4/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S4-0849","hypothesis":"A self-equalizing clamp should reduce dimensional error after unclamping a thin workpiece.","prediction":"A self-equalizing clamp should reduce dimensional error after unclamping a thin workpiece.","test":"Measure before/after geometry.","contrary_outcome":"Equal forces do not reduce springback.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, no Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S4-0849","hypothesis":"A self-equalizing clamp should reduce dimensional error after unclamping a thin workpiece.","prediction":"A self-equalizing clamp should reduce dimensional error after unclamping a thin workpiece.","test":"Measure before/after geometry.","contrary_outcome":"Equal forces do not reduce springback.","status":"speculative; unproved physical hypothesis","novelty":"unverified; no global novelty claim","composition":"individually drafted, no Cartesian expansion","rank":8,"query":"A self-equalizing clamp reduce dimensional error after unclamping a thin workpiece. experimental mechanism","selection_basis":"Subjective editorial shortlist for explicit perturbation, observable endpoint, accessible controls and mechanism diversity. No empirical probability score.","selection_endpoint":"Measure before/after geometry."},"dossier":{"id":"S4-0849","title":"Equalized clamping and post-release distortion","why_selected":"The intuitive claim may be false; a simple matched-fixture study can determine whether equal forces actually reduce springback for a declared geometry.","sources":[{"title":"The application of tool path compensation for the reduction of clampinginduced geometric errors","url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/002075497194165","access":"Author-institution abstract read","finding":"De Meter and Hockenberger discuss clamp-related displacement, measurement, modeling, and compensation. Their work establishes the practical problem, but does not prove that equal clamp forces minimize post-release distortion."}],"design":"Hold thin nonhazardous test plates in a three-jaw fixture with either a passive force-equalizing linkage or fixed independent jaws. Match total force and nominal contact positions. Measure geometry before clamping, under load, and after release using a calibrated surface scan. Use multiple independent plates and fixtures; vary one controlled thickness or curvature imperfection.","endpoints":"Primary: root-mean-square post-release shape error relative to the initial plate. Secondary: in-load deformation, force equality, residual strain, and contact marks. Proposed benefit must hold at equal total force and equal restraint against a standardized disturbance.","controls":"Equal-force active reference, deliberately unequal forces, matched contact-area pads, reversed plate orientation, and a purely elastic low-load condition. Separate elastic recovery from plastic indentation and residual-stress release.","conditional_analysis":"Equal forces do not generally minimize deformation. Even a simple beam has bending moments depending on force locations, so equal magnitudes at unequal lever arms can increase curvature. Linear elasticity gives u=K^-1*f under specified supports, but minimizing a shape-error norm requires geometry-dependent optimization of f. No general equal-force theorem supports the physical hypothesis. The experiment is needed to identify a useful restricted regime or reject it.","analysis_plan":"Compare paired geometry changes with force maps and uncertainty. Report null results as useful constraints. Reject the broad claim if equalization reduces force variation but fails to reduce post-release shape error; any narrower supported claim must state the plate/support geometry explicitly.","limitations":"Unproved and potentially false engineering hypothesis. Existing clamp-distortion literature is related background; no performance or novelty certified.","rank":8,"hypothesis":"A self-equalizing clamp should reduce dimensional error after unclamping a thin workpiece.","status":"speculative; no physical data or proof"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v4/Selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v4/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v5--S5-0001","id":"S5-0001","volume":"900v5","title":"A reconstituted enzyme cascade should recover faster after oxygen starvation when its intermediate is reversibly stored in a separate liquid phase.","prediction":"A reconstituted enzyme cascade should recover faster after oxygen starvation when its intermediate is reversibly stored in a separate liquid phase.","test":"Measure intermediate partitioning and restart kinetics.","contrary":"Restart matches a homogeneous control with equal intermediate inventory.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["biology","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v5/hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S5-0001","prediction":"A reconstituted enzyme cascade should recover faster after oxygen starvation when its intermediate is reversibly stored in a separate liquid phase.","feasible_test":"Measure intermediate partitioning and restart kinetics.","contrary_outcome":"Restart matches a homogeneous control with equal intermediate inventory.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim"},"lead":{"id":"S5-0001","prediction":"A reconstituted enzyme cascade should recover faster after oxygen starvation when its intermediate is reversibly stored in a separate liquid phase.","feasible_test":"Measure intermediate partitioning and restart kinetics.","contrary_outcome":"Restart matches a homogeneous control with equal intermediate inventory.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"Intermediate partitioning and restart latency can be measured independently.","selection_basis":"subjective tractability/plausibility portfolio; not a calibrated probability"},"dossier":{"id":"S5-0001","prediction":"A reconstituted enzyme cascade should recover faster after oxygen starvation when its intermediate is reversibly stored in a separate liquid phase.","feasible_test":"Measure intermediate partitioning and restart kinetics.","contrary_outcome":"Restart matches a homogeneous control with equal intermediate inventory.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"Intermediate partitioning and restart latency can be measured independently.","selection_basis":"subjective tractability/plausibility portfolio; not a calibrated probability","dossier":"S5-0001_dossier.md","final_selection_rationale":"Chosen for a clear intervention, independent mechanism measurement and explicit competing explanation; prior-art overlap and theoretical-only support are retained rather than hidden."},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v5/selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v5/selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v5--S5-0005","id":"S5-0005","volume":"900v5","title":"An enzyme tether should act as a mechanical fuse by unfolding before its support bond breaks.","prediction":"An enzyme tether should act as a mechanical fuse by unfolding before its support bond breaks.","test":"Measure force and catalytic activity during loading.","contrary":"Support rupture consistently precedes unfolding.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical","biology","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v5/hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S5-0005","prediction":"An enzyme tether should act as a mechanical fuse by unfolding before its support bond breaks.","feasible_test":"Measure force and catalytic activity during loading.","contrary_outcome":"Support rupture consistently precedes unfolding.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim"},"lead":{"id":"S5-0005","prediction":"An enzyme tether should act as a mechanical fuse by unfolding before its support bond breaks.","feasible_test":"Measure force and catalytic activity during loading.","contrary_outcome":"Support rupture consistently precedes unfolding.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"Force spectroscopy directly orders unfolding and anchor rupture.","selection_basis":"subjective tractability/plausibility portfolio; not a calibrated probability"},"dossier":{"id":"S5-0005","prediction":"An enzyme tether should act as a mechanical fuse by unfolding before its support bond breaks.","feasible_test":"Measure force and catalytic activity during loading.","contrary_outcome":"Support rupture consistently precedes unfolding.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"Force spectroscopy directly orders unfolding and anchor rupture.","selection_basis":"subjective tractability/plausibility portfolio; not a calibrated probability","dossier":"S5-0005_dossier.md","final_selection_rationale":"Chosen for a clear intervention, independent mechanism measurement and explicit competing explanation; prior-art overlap and theoretical-only support are retained rather than hidden."},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v5/selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v5/selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v5--S5-0011","id":"S5-0011","volume":"900v5","title":"A protein condensate should age unevenly when its surface adsorbs a monomer that arrests internal exchange.","prediction":"A protein condensate should age unevenly when its surface adsorbs a monomer that arrests internal exchange.","test":"Measure exchange profiles and adsorbate density.","contrary":"Aging remains spatially uniform.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["biology","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v5/hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S5-0011","prediction":"A protein condensate should age unevenly when its surface adsorbs a monomer that arrests internal exchange.","feasible_test":"Measure exchange profiles and adsorbate density.","contrary_outcome":"Aging remains spatially uniform.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim"},"lead":{"id":"S5-0011","prediction":"A protein condensate should age unevenly when its surface adsorbs a monomer that arrests internal exchange.","feasible_test":"Measure exchange profiles and adsorbate density.","contrary_outcome":"Aging remains spatially uniform.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"Spatial exchange profiles test nonuniform condensate aging.","selection_basis":"subjective tractability/plausibility portfolio; not a calibrated probability"},"dossier":{"id":"S5-0011","prediction":"A protein condensate should age unevenly when its surface adsorbs a monomer that arrests internal exchange.","feasible_test":"Measure exchange profiles and adsorbate density.","contrary_outcome":"Aging remains spatially uniform.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"Spatial exchange profiles test nonuniform condensate aging.","selection_basis":"subjective tractability/plausibility portfolio; not a calibrated probability","dossier":"S5-0011_dossier.md","final_selection_rationale":"Chosen for a clear intervention, independent mechanism measurement and explicit competing explanation; prior-art overlap and theoretical-only support are retained rather than hidden."},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v5/selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v5/selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v5--S5-0012","id":"S5-0012","volume":"900v5","title":"A supported bilayer should relieve excess area by opening a traveling fold that follows a line of weak adhesion.","prediction":"A supported bilayer should relieve excess area by opening a traveling fold that follows a line of weak adhesion.","test":"Track area, folds and adhesion map.","contrary":"Folds cross weak and strong regions indiscriminately.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":[],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v5/hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S5-0012","prediction":"A supported bilayer should relieve excess area by opening a traveling fold that follows a line of weak adhesion.","feasible_test":"Track area, folds and adhesion map.","contrary_outcome":"Folds cross weak and strong regions indiscriminately.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim"},"lead":{"id":"S5-0012","prediction":"A supported bilayer should relieve excess area by opening a traveling fold that follows a line of weak adhesion.","feasible_test":"Track area, folds and adhesion map.","contrary_outcome":"Folds cross weak and strong regions indiscriminately.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"Patterned adhesion challenges a traveling-fold route.","selection_basis":"subjective tractability/plausibility portfolio; not a calibrated probability"},"dossier":{"id":"S5-0012","prediction":"A supported bilayer should relieve excess area by opening a traveling fold that follows a line of weak adhesion.","feasible_test":"Track area, folds and adhesion map.","contrary_outcome":"Folds cross weak and strong regions indiscriminately.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"Patterned adhesion challenges a traveling-fold route.","selection_basis":"subjective tractability/plausibility portfolio; not a calibrated probability","dossier":"S5-0012_dossier.md","final_selection_rationale":"Chosen for a clear intervention, independent mechanism measurement and explicit competing explanation; prior-art overlap and theoretical-only support are retained rather than hidden."},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v5/selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v5/selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v5--S5-0039","id":"S5-0039","volume":"900v5","title":"A pine scale should twist during drying when its vascular bundle lies off the mechanical neutral axis.","prediction":"A pine scale should twist during drying when its vascular bundle lies off the mechanical neutral axis.","test":"Measure bundle placement and three-dimensional curvature.","contrary":"Twist is independent of bundle eccentricity.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v5/hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S5-0039","prediction":"A pine scale should twist during drying when its vascular bundle lies off the mechanical neutral axis.","feasible_test":"Measure bundle placement and three-dimensional curvature.","contrary_outcome":"Twist is independent of bundle eccentricity.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim"},"lead":{"id":"S5-0039","prediction":"A pine scale should twist during drying when its vascular bundle lies off the mechanical neutral axis.","feasible_test":"Measure bundle placement and three-dimensional curvature.","contrary_outcome":"Twist is independent of bundle eccentricity.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"Three-dimensional imaging tests off-axis scale torsion.","selection_basis":"subjective tractability/plausibility portfolio; not a calibrated probability"},"dossier":{"id":"S5-0039","prediction":"A pine scale should twist during drying when its vascular bundle lies off the mechanical neutral axis.","feasible_test":"Measure bundle placement and three-dimensional curvature.","contrary_outcome":"Twist is independent of bundle eccentricity.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"Three-dimensional imaging tests off-axis scale torsion.","selection_basis":"subjective tractability/plausibility portfolio; not a calibrated probability","dossier":"S5-0039_dossier.md","final_selection_rationale":"Chosen for a clear intervention, independent mechanism measurement and explicit competing explanation; prior-art overlap and theoretical-only support are retained rather than hidden."},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v5/selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v5/selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v5--S5-0054","id":"S5-0054","volume":"900v5","title":"A seed mucilage layer should protect against abrasion through reversible redistribution toward high-pressure contacts.","prediction":"A seed mucilage layer should protect against abrasion through reversible redistribution toward high-pressure contacts.","test":"Map mucilage and wear.","contrary":"Protection occurs without contact enrichment.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v5/hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S5-0054","prediction":"A seed mucilage layer should protect against abrasion through reversible redistribution toward high-pressure contacts.","feasible_test":"Map mucilage and wear.","contrary_outcome":"Protection occurs without contact enrichment.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim"},"lead":{"id":"S5-0054","prediction":"A seed mucilage layer should protect against abrasion through reversible redistribution toward high-pressure contacts.","feasible_test":"Map mucilage and wear.","contrary_outcome":"Protection occurs without contact enrichment.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"Contact enrichment can be measured before abrasion.","selection_basis":"subjective tractability/plausibility portfolio; not a calibrated probability"},"dossier":{"id":"S5-0054","prediction":"A seed mucilage layer should protect against abrasion through reversible redistribution toward high-pressure contacts.","feasible_test":"Map mucilage and wear.","contrary_outcome":"Protection occurs without contact enrichment.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"Contact enrichment can be measured before abrasion.","selection_basis":"subjective tractability/plausibility portfolio; not a calibrated probability","dossier":"S5-0054_dossier.md","final_selection_rationale":"Chosen for a clear intervention, independent mechanism measurement and explicit competing explanation; prior-art overlap and theoretical-only support are retained rather than hidden."},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v5/selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v5/selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v5--S5-0061","id":"S5-0061","volume":"900v5","title":"A mineral aggregate should retain a directional stress memory through unequal dissolution at compressed contacts.","prediction":"A mineral aggregate should retain a directional stress memory through unequal dissolution at compressed contacts.","test":"Measure contact topology and reloading.","contrary":"Memory survives without contact-selective dissolution equally.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v5/hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S5-0061","prediction":"A mineral aggregate should retain a directional stress memory through unequal dissolution at compressed contacts.","feasible_test":"Measure contact topology and reloading.","contrary_outcome":"Memory survives without contact-selective dissolution equally.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim"},"lead":{"id":"S5-0061","prediction":"A mineral aggregate should retain a directional stress memory through unequal dissolution at compressed contacts.","feasible_test":"Measure contact topology and reloading.","contrary_outcome":"Memory survives without contact-selective dissolution equally.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"Contact dissolution provides a specific stress-memory mediator.","selection_basis":"subjective tractability/plausibility portfolio; not a calibrated probability"},"dossier":{"id":"S5-0061","prediction":"A mineral aggregate should retain a directional stress memory through unequal dissolution at compressed contacts.","feasible_test":"Measure contact topology and reloading.","contrary_outcome":"Memory survives without contact-selective dissolution equally.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"Contact dissolution provides a specific stress-memory mediator.","selection_basis":"subjective tractability/plausibility portfolio; not a calibrated probability","dossier":"S5-0061_dossier.md","final_selection_rationale":"Chosen for a clear intervention, independent mechanism measurement and explicit competing explanation; prior-art overlap and theoretical-only support are retained rather than hidden."},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v5/selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v5/selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v5--S5-0087","id":"S5-0087","volume":"900v5","title":"A mineral gel should show a transient negative thermal expansion during dehydration through collapse of water-supported cages.","prediction":"A mineral gel should show a transient negative thermal expansion during dehydration through collapse of water-supported cages.","test":"Measure volume and bound water.","contrary":"Volume increases monotonically with heating.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["energy","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v5/hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S5-0087","prediction":"A mineral gel should show a transient negative thermal expansion during dehydration through collapse of water-supported cages.","feasible_test":"Measure volume and bound water.","contrary_outcome":"Volume increases monotonically with heating.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim"},"lead":{"id":"S5-0087","prediction":"A mineral gel should show a transient negative thermal expansion during dehydration through collapse of water-supported cages.","feasible_test":"Measure volume and bound water.","contrary_outcome":"Volume increases monotonically with heating.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"Mass and volume measurements challenge dehydration contraction.","selection_basis":"subjective tractability/plausibility portfolio; not a calibrated probability"},"dossier":{"id":"S5-0087","prediction":"A mineral gel should show a transient negative thermal expansion during dehydration through collapse of water-supported cages.","feasible_test":"Measure volume and bound water.","contrary_outcome":"Volume increases monotonically with heating.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"Mass and volume measurements challenge dehydration contraction.","selection_basis":"subjective tractability/plausibility portfolio; not a calibrated probability","dossier":"S5-0087_dossier.md","final_selection_rationale":"Chosen for a clear intervention, independent mechanism measurement and explicit competing explanation; prior-art overlap and theoretical-only support are retained rather than hidden."},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v5/selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v5/selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v5--S5-0090","id":"S5-0090","volume":"900v5","title":"A mineral-organic interface should direct solvent flow along a moving adhesion front.","prediction":"A mineral-organic interface should direct solvent flow along a moving adhesion front.","test":"Measure interface motion and fluid velocity.","contrary":"Fluid motion is independent of front direction.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v5/hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S5-0090","prediction":"A mineral-organic interface should direct solvent flow along a moving adhesion front.","feasible_test":"Measure interface motion and fluid velocity.","contrary_outcome":"Fluid motion is independent of front direction.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim"},"lead":{"id":"S5-0090","prediction":"A mineral-organic interface should direct solvent flow along a moving adhesion front.","feasible_test":"Measure interface motion and fluid velocity.","contrary_outcome":"Fluid motion is independent of front direction.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"Front motion and fluid velocity test adhesion-driven transport.","selection_basis":"subjective tractability/plausibility portfolio; not a calibrated probability"},"dossier":{"id":"S5-0090","prediction":"A mineral-organic interface should direct solvent flow along a moving adhesion front.","feasible_test":"Measure interface motion and fluid velocity.","contrary_outcome":"Fluid motion is independent of front direction.","status":"untested hypothesis; not proved","novelty":"exact novelty unresolved; no worldwide originality claim","selection_rationale":"Front motion and fluid velocity test adhesion-driven transport.","selection_basis":"subjective tractability/plausibility portfolio; not a calibrated probability","dossier":"S5-0090_dossier.md","final_selection_rationale":"Chosen for a clear intervention, independent mechanism measurement and explicit competing explanation; prior-art overlap and theoretical-only support are retained rather than hidden."},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v5/selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v5/selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v6--S6-0305","id":"S6-0305","volume":"900v6","title":"Dead-end channel solute release","prediction":"Reversals exchange fluid near the mouth and reduce the late-time solute tail without entering the branch mechanically.","test":"Track food-dye concentration in a transparent branching channel under matched absolute pumped volume and peak shear.","contrary":"Concentration tails collapse after normalization by total pumped volume.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical","anomalies"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v6/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S6-0305","title":"Dead-end channel solute release","question":"Can periodic flow reversals empty a diffusion-limited dead-end channel faster than steady flow with the same pumped volume?","prediction":"Reversals exchange fluid near the mouth and reduce the late-time solute tail without entering the branch mechanically.","test":"Track food-dye concentration in a transparent branching channel under matched absolute pumped volume and peak shear.","contrary_outcome":"Concentration tails collapse after normalization by total pumped volume.","status":"Speculative; not demonstrated or proved","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; local avoidance screening cannot certify novelty","composition":"Individually authored record; no Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S6-0305","title":"Dead-end channel solute release","question":"Can periodic flow reversals empty a diffusion-limited dead-end channel faster than steady flow with the same pumped volume?","prediction":"Reversals exchange fluid near the mouth and reduce the late-time solute tail without entering the branch mechanically.","test":"Track food-dye concentration in a transparent branching channel under matched absolute pumped volume and peak shear.","contrary_outcome":"Concentration tails collapse after normalization by total pumped volume.","status":"Speculative; not demonstrated or proved","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; local avoidance screening cannot certify novelty","composition":"Individually authored record; no Cartesian expansion"},"dossier":{"id":"S6-0305","title":"Dead-end channel solute release","question":"Can periodic flow reversals empty a diffusion-limited dead-end channel faster than steady flow with the same pumped volume?","prediction":"Reversals exchange fluid near the mouth and reduce the late-time solute tail without entering the branch mechanically.","test":"Track food-dye concentration in a transparent branching channel under matched absolute pumped volume and peak shear.","contrary_outcome":"Concentration tails collapse after normalization by total pumped volume.","status":"Speculative; not demonstrated or proved","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; local avoidance screening cannot certify novelty","composition":"Individually authored record; no Cartesian expansion"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v6/Selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v6/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v6--S6-0307","id":"S6-0307","volume":"900v6","title":"Capillary bridge rotation delay","prediction":"Bridge orientation lags support rotation and releases in discrete angular slips at contact-line depinning.","test":"Rotate one bridge support while recording torque and interface geometry; repeat with freely sliding contact lines.","contrary":"Lag is explained entirely by viscous drag and vanishes in the quasistatic limit.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v6/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S6-0307","title":"Capillary bridge rotation delay","question":"Can a slowly rotating support store torsional stress in a water bridge through pinned contact lines?","prediction":"Bridge orientation lags support rotation and releases in discrete angular slips at contact-line depinning.","test":"Rotate one bridge support while recording torque and interface geometry; repeat with freely sliding contact lines.","contrary_outcome":"Lag is explained entirely by viscous drag and vanishes in the quasistatic limit.","status":"Speculative; not demonstrated or proved","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; local avoidance screening cannot certify novelty","composition":"Individually authored record; no Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S6-0307","title":"Capillary bridge rotation delay","question":"Can a slowly rotating support store torsional stress in a water bridge through pinned contact lines?","prediction":"Bridge orientation lags support rotation and releases in discrete angular slips at contact-line depinning.","test":"Rotate one bridge support while recording torque and interface geometry; repeat with freely sliding contact lines.","contrary_outcome":"Lag is explained entirely by viscous drag and vanishes in the quasistatic limit.","status":"Speculative; not demonstrated or proved","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; local avoidance screening cannot certify novelty","composition":"Individually authored record; no Cartesian expansion"},"dossier":{"id":"S6-0307","title":"Capillary bridge rotation delay","question":"Can a slowly rotating support store torsional stress in a water bridge through pinned contact lines?","prediction":"Bridge orientation lags support rotation and releases in discrete angular slips at contact-line depinning.","test":"Rotate one bridge support while recording torque and interface geometry; repeat with freely sliding contact lines.","contrary_outcome":"Lag is explained entirely by viscous drag and vanishes in the quasistatic limit.","status":"Speculative; not demonstrated or proved","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; local avoidance screening cannot certify novelty","composition":"Individually authored record; no Cartesian expansion"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v6/Selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v6/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v6--S6-0311","id":"S6-0311","volume":"900v6","title":"Granular arch acoustic precursor","prediction":"Probe phase difference changes at arch formation before bulk packing fraction changes measurably.","test":"Use a transparent small hopper with force sensors and imaging; compare arches with mechanically supported nonarching beds.","contrary":"Phase differences are determined by packing fraction and cannot distinguish the states.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v6/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S6-0311","title":"Granular arch acoustic precursor","question":"Can the relative phase of two weak acoustic probes distinguish a load-bearing arch from a compacted nonarching grain bed?","prediction":"Probe phase difference changes at arch formation before bulk packing fraction changes measurably.","test":"Use a transparent small hopper with force sensors and imaging; compare arches with mechanically supported nonarching beds.","contrary_outcome":"Phase differences are determined by packing fraction and cannot distinguish the states.","status":"Speculative; not demonstrated or proved","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; local avoidance screening cannot certify novelty","composition":"Individually authored record; no Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S6-0311","title":"Granular arch acoustic precursor","question":"Can the relative phase of two weak acoustic probes distinguish a load-bearing arch from a compacted nonarching grain bed?","prediction":"Probe phase difference changes at arch formation before bulk packing fraction changes measurably.","test":"Use a transparent small hopper with force sensors and imaging; compare arches with mechanically supported nonarching beds.","contrary_outcome":"Phase differences are determined by packing fraction and cannot distinguish the states.","status":"Speculative; not demonstrated or proved","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; local avoidance screening cannot certify novelty","composition":"Individually authored record; no Cartesian expansion"},"dossier":{"id":"S6-0311","title":"Granular arch acoustic precursor","question":"Can the relative phase of two weak acoustic probes distinguish a load-bearing arch from a compacted nonarching grain bed?","prediction":"Probe phase difference changes at arch formation before bulk packing fraction changes measurably.","test":"Use a transparent small hopper with force sensors and imaging; compare arches with mechanically supported nonarching beds.","contrary_outcome":"Phase differences are determined by packing fraction and cannot distinguish the states.","status":"Speculative; not demonstrated or proved","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; local avoidance screening cannot certify novelty","composition":"Individually authored record; no Cartesian expansion"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v6/Selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v6/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":true},{"uid":"900v6--S6-0327","id":"S6-0327","volume":"900v6","title":"Insulation gap breathing","prediction":"Gap motion exchanges trapped air and adds a frequency-dependent advective contribution.","test":"Move a gap between warm plates at modest temperatures; compare dynamic heat loss with measured static conductance curves.","contrary":"Cycle-averaged heat loss equals the quasistatic prediction within uncertainty.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["energy","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v6/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S6-0327","title":"Insulation gap breathing","question":"Can slow periodic opening of a narrow insulation gap increase average heat loss beyond the prediction from instantaneous static conductance?","prediction":"Gap motion exchanges trapped air and adds a frequency-dependent advective contribution.","test":"Move a gap between warm plates at modest temperatures; compare dynamic heat loss with measured static conductance curves.","contrary_outcome":"Cycle-averaged heat loss equals the quasistatic prediction within uncertainty.","status":"Speculative; not demonstrated or proved","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; local avoidance screening cannot certify novelty","composition":"Individually authored record; no Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S6-0327","title":"Insulation gap breathing","question":"Can slow periodic opening of a narrow insulation gap increase average heat loss beyond the prediction from instantaneous static conductance?","prediction":"Gap motion exchanges trapped air and adds a frequency-dependent advective contribution.","test":"Move a gap between warm plates at modest temperatures; compare dynamic heat loss with measured static conductance curves.","contrary_outcome":"Cycle-averaged heat loss equals the quasistatic prediction within uncertainty.","status":"Speculative; not demonstrated or proved","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; local avoidance screening cannot certify novelty","composition":"Individually authored record; no Cartesian expansion"},"dossier":{"id":"S6-0327","title":"Insulation gap breathing","question":"Can slow periodic opening of a narrow insulation gap increase average heat loss beyond the prediction from instantaneous static conductance?","prediction":"Gap motion exchanges trapped air and adds a frequency-dependent advective contribution.","test":"Move a gap between warm plates at modest temperatures; compare dynamic heat loss with measured static conductance curves.","contrary_outcome":"Cycle-averaged heat loss equals the quasistatic prediction within uncertainty.","status":"Speculative; not demonstrated or proved","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; local avoidance screening cannot certify novelty","composition":"Individually authored record; no Cartesian expansion"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v6/Selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v6/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v6--S6-0339","id":"S6-0339","volume":"900v6","title":"Soft stop vibration asymmetry","prediction":"Large-amplitude transmission becomes directional while low-amplitude frequency response stays nearly unchanged.","test":"Measure a tabletop oscillator with a removable soft stop under matched positive and negative force pulses.","contrary":"Directionality is explained solely by unequal input pulses or altered small-signal stiffness.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v6/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S6-0339","title":"Soft stop vibration asymmetry","question":"Can a soft unilateral stop reduce transmission of alternating shocks more in one direction without changing small-signal resonance?","prediction":"Large-amplitude transmission becomes directional while low-amplitude frequency response stays nearly unchanged.","test":"Measure a tabletop oscillator with a removable soft stop under matched positive and negative force pulses.","contrary_outcome":"Directionality is explained solely by unequal input pulses or altered small-signal stiffness.","status":"Speculative; not demonstrated or proved","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; local avoidance screening cannot certify novelty","composition":"Individually authored record; no Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S6-0339","title":"Soft stop vibration asymmetry","question":"Can a soft unilateral stop reduce transmission of alternating shocks more in one direction without changing small-signal resonance?","prediction":"Large-amplitude transmission becomes directional while low-amplitude frequency response stays nearly unchanged.","test":"Measure a tabletop oscillator with a removable soft stop under matched positive and negative force pulses.","contrary_outcome":"Directionality is explained solely by unequal input pulses or altered small-signal stiffness.","status":"Speculative; not demonstrated or proved","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; local avoidance screening cannot certify novelty","composition":"Individually authored record; no Cartesian expansion"},"dossier":{"id":"S6-0339","title":"Soft stop vibration asymmetry","question":"Can a soft unilateral stop reduce transmission of alternating shocks more in one direction without changing small-signal resonance?","prediction":"Large-amplitude transmission becomes directional while low-amplitude frequency response stays nearly unchanged.","test":"Measure a tabletop oscillator with a removable soft stop under matched positive and negative force pulses.","contrary_outcome":"Directionality is explained solely by unequal input pulses or altered small-signal stiffness.","status":"Speculative; not demonstrated or proved","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; local avoidance screening cannot certify novelty","composition":"Individually authored record; no Cartesian expansion"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v6/Selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v6/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v6--S6-0353","id":"S6-0353","volume":"900v6","title":"Porous elastomer trapped-air stiffening","prediction":"Trapped air raises the initial force while slow pressure equilibration restores the same relaxed response.","test":"Compare sealed and vented specimens under displacement holds; measure pore pressure and coating stiffness controls.","contrary":"Relaxed stiffness changes equally or the coating alone explains the force increase.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical","energy","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v6/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S6-0353","title":"Porous elastomer trapped-air stiffening","question":"Can sealing only the side faces of a porous elastomer change its short-time indentation stiffness without changing its long-time stiffness?","prediction":"Trapped air raises the initial force while slow pressure equilibration restores the same relaxed response.","test":"Compare sealed and vented specimens under displacement holds; measure pore pressure and coating stiffness controls.","contrary_outcome":"Relaxed stiffness changes equally or the coating alone explains the force increase.","status":"Speculative; not demonstrated or proved","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; local avoidance screening cannot certify novelty","composition":"Individually authored record; no Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S6-0353","title":"Porous elastomer trapped-air stiffening","question":"Can sealing only the side faces of a porous elastomer change its short-time indentation stiffness without changing its long-time stiffness?","prediction":"Trapped air raises the initial force while slow pressure equilibration restores the same relaxed response.","test":"Compare sealed and vented specimens under displacement holds; measure pore pressure and coating stiffness controls.","contrary_outcome":"Relaxed stiffness changes equally or the coating alone explains the force increase.","status":"Speculative; not demonstrated or proved","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; local avoidance screening cannot certify novelty","composition":"Individually authored record; no Cartesian expansion"},"dossier":{"id":"S6-0353","title":"Porous elastomer trapped-air stiffening","question":"Can sealing only the side faces of a porous elastomer change its short-time indentation stiffness without changing its long-time stiffness?","prediction":"Trapped air raises the initial force while slow pressure equilibration restores the same relaxed response.","test":"Compare sealed and vented specimens under displacement holds; measure pore pressure and coating stiffness controls.","contrary_outcome":"Relaxed stiffness changes equally or the coating alone explains the force increase.","status":"Speculative; not demonstrated or proved","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; local avoidance screening cannot certify novelty","composition":"Individually authored record; no Cartesian expansion"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v6/Selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v6/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v6--S6-0374","id":"S6-0374","volume":"900v6","title":"Liquid junction gravity bias","prediction":"An unstable density orientation shortens voltage lifetime compared with a stable orientation.","test":"Record open-circuit voltage and concentration images in dilute saline junctions with matched electrodes and reversed gravity orientation.","contrary":"Voltage decay is independent of orientation once electrode offsets are removed.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["energy"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v6/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S6-0374","title":"Liquid junction gravity bias","question":"Can the orientation of a benign concentration junction alter its voltage decay through buoyancy-driven mixing?","prediction":"An unstable density orientation shortens voltage lifetime compared with a stable orientation.","test":"Record open-circuit voltage and concentration images in dilute saline junctions with matched electrodes and reversed gravity orientation.","contrary_outcome":"Voltage decay is independent of orientation once electrode offsets are removed.","status":"Speculative; not demonstrated or proved","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; local avoidance screening cannot certify novelty","composition":"Individually authored record; no Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S6-0374","title":"Liquid junction gravity bias","question":"Can the orientation of a benign concentration junction alter its voltage decay through buoyancy-driven mixing?","prediction":"An unstable density orientation shortens voltage lifetime compared with a stable orientation.","test":"Record open-circuit voltage and concentration images in dilute saline junctions with matched electrodes and reversed gravity orientation.","contrary_outcome":"Voltage decay is independent of orientation once electrode offsets are removed.","status":"Speculative; not demonstrated or proved","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; local avoidance screening cannot certify novelty","composition":"Individually authored record; no Cartesian expansion"},"dossier":{"id":"S6-0374","title":"Liquid junction gravity bias","question":"Can the orientation of a benign concentration junction alter its voltage decay through buoyancy-driven mixing?","prediction":"An unstable density orientation shortens voltage lifetime compared with a stable orientation.","test":"Record open-circuit voltage and concentration images in dilute saline junctions with matched electrodes and reversed gravity orientation.","contrary_outcome":"Voltage decay is independent of orientation once electrode offsets are removed.","status":"Speculative; not demonstrated or proved","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; local avoidance screening cannot certify novelty","composition":"Individually authored record; no Cartesian expansion"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v6/Selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v6/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v6--S6-0487","id":"S6-0487","volume":"900v6","title":"Optical contact patch aging","prediction":"Aging fills existing patches while increased force creates a different patch-size distribution.","test":"Image benign transparent elastomer contacts through a prism under independently varied load and dwell time.","contrary":"Patch distributions depend only on total real contact area.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v6/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S6-0487","title":"Optical contact patch aging","question":"Can the spatial growth of real contact area distinguish contact aging from increasing normal force at equal final area?","prediction":"Aging fills existing patches while increased force creates a different patch-size distribution.","test":"Image benign transparent elastomer contacts through a prism under independently varied load and dwell time.","contrary_outcome":"Patch distributions depend only on total real contact area.","status":"Speculative; not demonstrated or proved","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; local avoidance screening cannot certify novelty","composition":"Individually authored record; no Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S6-0487","title":"Optical contact patch aging","question":"Can the spatial growth of real contact area distinguish contact aging from increasing normal force at equal final area?","prediction":"Aging fills existing patches while increased force creates a different patch-size distribution.","test":"Image benign transparent elastomer contacts through a prism under independently varied load and dwell time.","contrary_outcome":"Patch distributions depend only on total real contact area.","status":"Speculative; not demonstrated or proved","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; local avoidance screening cannot certify novelty","composition":"Individually authored record; no Cartesian expansion"},"dossier":{"id":"S6-0487","title":"Optical contact patch aging","question":"Can the spatial growth of real contact area distinguish contact aging from increasing normal force at equal final area?","prediction":"Aging fills existing patches while increased force creates a different patch-size distribution.","test":"Image benign transparent elastomer contacts through a prism under independently varied load and dwell time.","contrary_outcome":"Patch distributions depend only on total real contact area.","status":"Speculative; not demonstrated or proved","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; local avoidance screening cannot certify novelty","composition":"Individually authored record; no Cartesian expansion"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v6/Selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v6/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":true},{"uid":"900v6--S6-0721","id":"S6-0721","volume":"900v6","title":"Flow-switched gel loading","prediction":"Reversals reduce persistent surface enrichment.","test":"Use food-safe dye gels with sectioned concentration measurements and dose-matched steady controls.","contrary":"Center uniformity depends only on total dose and exposure time.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical","anomalies","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v6/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S6-0721","title":"Flow-switched gel loading","question":"Can switching flow between opposite gel faces load its center more evenly than constant flow at equal solute dose?","prediction":"Reversals reduce persistent surface enrichment.","test":"Use food-safe dye gels with sectioned concentration measurements and dose-matched steady controls.","contrary_outcome":"Center uniformity depends only on total dose and exposure time.","status":"Speculative; not demonstrated or proved","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; local avoidance screening cannot certify novelty","composition":"Individually authored record; no Cartesian expansion"},"lead":{"id":"S6-0721","title":"Flow-switched gel loading","question":"Can switching flow between opposite gel faces load its center more evenly than constant flow at equal solute dose?","prediction":"Reversals reduce persistent surface enrichment.","test":"Use food-safe dye gels with sectioned concentration measurements and dose-matched steady controls.","contrary_outcome":"Center uniformity depends only on total dose and exposure time.","status":"Speculative; not demonstrated or proved","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; local avoidance screening cannot certify novelty","composition":"Individually authored record; no Cartesian expansion"},"dossier":{"id":"S6-0721","title":"Flow-switched gel loading","question":"Can switching flow between opposite gel faces load its center more evenly than constant flow at equal solute dose?","prediction":"Reversals reduce persistent surface enrichment.","test":"Use food-safe dye gels with sectioned concentration measurements and dose-matched steady controls.","contrary_outcome":"Center uniformity depends only on total dose and exposure time.","status":"Speculative; not demonstrated or proved","originality":"Worldwide originality unverified; local avoidance screening cannot certify novelty","composition":"Individually authored record; no Cartesian expansion"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v6/Selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v6/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v7--S7-0303","id":"S7-0303","volume":"900v7","title":"Alternating two capillary pressure taps should reveal a partially blocked tap before either gives a visibly unstable signal.","prediction":"Alternating two capillary pressure taps should reveal a partially blocked tap before either gives a visibly unstable signal.","test":"Introduce concealed benign blockages and compare switching transients with independent pressure.","contrary":"Switching adds no diagnostic value beyond static readings.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v7/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S7-0303","hypothesis":"Alternating two capillary pressure taps should reveal a partially blocked tap before either gives a visibly unstable signal.","prediction":"Alternating two capillary pressure taps should reveal a partially blocked tap before either gives a visibly unstable signal.","test":"Introduce concealed benign blockages and compare switching transients with independent pressure.","contrary_outcome":"Switching adds no diagnostic value beyond static readings.","status":"speculative; 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unproved","novelty":"unverified"},"lead":{"id":"S7-0339","hypothesis":"A soft optical window should produce a false flow acceleration when pressure changes but fluid velocity remains constant.","prediction":"A soft optical window should produce a false flow acceleration when pressure changes but fluid velocity remains constant.","test":"Use independently measured water flow and window profilometry during modest pressure steps.","contrary_outcome":"Image-derived acceleration reflects actual water motion only.","status":"speculative; unproved","novelty":"unverified"},"dossier":{"id":"S7-0339","hypothesis":"A soft optical window should produce a false flow acceleration when pressure changes but fluid velocity remains constant.","prediction":"A soft optical window should produce a false flow acceleration when pressure changes but fluid velocity remains constant.","test":"Use independently measured water flow and window profilometry during modest pressure steps.","contrary_outcome":"Image-derived acceleration reflects actual water motion only.","status":"speculative; 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unproved","novelty":"unverified"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v7/Selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v7/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v7--S7-0347","id":"S7-0347","volume":"900v7","title":"A fixed threshold for acoustic-event detection should create false aging in a drying specimen as propagation loss changes.","prediction":"A fixed threshold for acoustic-event detection should create false aging in a drying specimen as propagation loss changes.","test":"Inject reference pulses while monitoring benign drying and event counts.","contrary":"Corrected event rates show the same aging as uncorrected rates.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v7/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S7-0347","hypothesis":"A fixed threshold for acoustic-event detection should create false aging in a drying specimen as propagation loss changes.","prediction":"A fixed threshold for acoustic-event detection should create false aging in a drying specimen as propagation loss changes.","test":"Inject reference pulses while monitoring benign drying and event counts.","contrary_outcome":"Corrected event rates show the same aging as uncorrected rates.","status":"speculative; 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unproved","novelty":"unverified"},"lead":{"id":"S7-0355","hypothesis":"A narrow collection funnel should preferentially retain the smallest droplets during a pulsed spray measurement.","prediction":"A narrow collection funnel should preferentially retain the smallest droplets during a pulsed spray measurement.","test":"Use low-speed water sprays with independent droplet sizing and complete mass collection.","contrary_outcome":"Retention fraction is independent of droplet size.","status":"speculative; unproved","novelty":"unverified"},"dossier":{"id":"S7-0355","hypothesis":"A narrow collection funnel should preferentially retain the smallest droplets during a pulsed spray measurement.","prediction":"A narrow collection funnel should preferentially retain the smallest droplets during a pulsed spray measurement.","test":"Use low-speed water sprays with independent droplet sizing and complete mass collection.","contrary_outcome":"Retention fraction is independent of droplet size.","status":"speculative; unproved","novelty":"unverified"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v7/Selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v7/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v7--S7-0359","id":"S7-0359","volume":"900v7","title":"A water-filled pressure tap should show longer response recovery after bubble passage than after an equal liquid-pressure pulse.","prediction":"A water-filled pressure tap should show longer response recovery after bubble passage than after an equal liquid-pressure pulse.","test":"Track internal bubbles and independently imposed pulses in transparent taps.","contrary":"Recovery depends only on pulse amplitude and duration.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v7/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S7-0359","hypothesis":"A water-filled pressure tap should show longer response recovery after bubble passage than after an equal liquid-pressure pulse.","prediction":"A water-filled pressure tap should show longer response recovery after bubble passage than after an equal liquid-pressure pulse.","test":"Track internal bubbles and independently imposed pulses in transparent taps.","contrary_outcome":"Recovery depends only on pulse amplitude and duration.","status":"speculative; 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unproved","novelty":"unverified"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v7/Selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v7/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v8--S8-0803","id":"S8-0803","volume":"900v8","title":"A perforated floating foil could damp waves most at intermediate immersion depth.","prediction":"A perforated floating foil could damp waves most at intermediate immersion depth.","test":"Measure wave transmission versus depth.","contrary":"Damping changes monotonically.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v8/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S8-0803","hypothesis":"A perforated floating foil could damp waves most at intermediate immersion depth.","test":"Measure wave transmission versus depth.","contrary_result":"Damping changes monotonically.","status":"Untested; novelty unverified"},"lead":{"id":"S8-0803","hypothesis":"A perforated floating foil could damp waves most at intermediate immersion depth.","test":"Measure wave transmission versus depth.","contrary_result":"Damping changes monotonically.","status":"Untested; novelty unverified","selection_rationale":"Immersion depth is readily controlled while measuring wave transmission.","selection_basis":"subjective apparatus feasibility, observability and mechanism diversity; not a truth probability"},"dossier":{"id":"S8-0803","hypothesis":"A perforated floating foil could damp waves most at intermediate immersion depth.","test":"Measure wave transmission versus depth.","contrary_result":"Damping changes monotonically.","status":"Untested; novelty unverified"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v8/selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v8/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v8--S8-0808","id":"S8-0808","volume":"900v8","title":"A stack of thin metal disks could conduct heat better after weak torsional alignment without increased clamping force.","prediction":"A stack of thin metal disks could conduct heat better after weak torsional alignment without increased clamping force.","test":"Measure contacts and heat.","contrary":"Force alone predicts conductance.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical","energy","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v8/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S8-0808","hypothesis":"A stack of thin metal disks could conduct heat better after weak torsional alignment without increased clamping force.","test":"Measure contacts and heat.","contrary_result":"Force alone predicts conductance.","status":"Untested; novelty unverified"},"lead":{"id":"S8-0808","hypothesis":"A stack of thin metal disks could conduct heat better after weak torsional alignment without increased clamping force.","test":"Measure contacts and heat.","contrary_result":"Force alone predicts conductance.","status":"Untested; novelty unverified","selection_rationale":"Heat flux and contact mapping test torsional contact improvement.","selection_basis":"subjective apparatus feasibility, observability and mechanism diversity; not a truth probability"},"dossier":{"id":"S8-0808","hypothesis":"A stack of thin metal disks could conduct heat better after weak torsional alignment without increased clamping force.","test":"Measure contacts and heat.","contrary_result":"Force alone predicts conductance.","status":"Untested; novelty unverified"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v8/selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v8/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v8--S8-0818","id":"S8-0818","volume":"900v8","title":"A thin water film could clean a dusty groove better after a short pause than continuous equal-volume flow.","prediction":"A thin water film could clean a dusty groove better after a short pause than continuous equal-volume flow.","test":"Measure retained dust.","contrary":"Cleaning follows total liquid volume only.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v8/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S8-0818","hypothesis":"A thin water film could clean a dusty groove better after a short pause than continuous equal-volume flow.","test":"Measure retained dust.","contrary_result":"Cleaning follows total liquid volume only.","status":"Untested; novelty unverified"},"lead":{"id":"S8-0818","hypothesis":"A thin water film could clean a dusty groove better after a short pause than continuous equal-volume flow.","test":"Measure retained dust.","contrary_result":"Cleaning follows total liquid volume only.","status":"Untested; novelty unverified","selection_rationale":"Equal liquid volume challenges a pause-specific cleaning advantage.","selection_basis":"subjective apparatus feasibility, observability and mechanism diversity; not a truth probability"},"dossier":{"id":"S8-0818","hypothesis":"A thin water film could clean a dusty groove better after a short pause than continuous equal-volume flow.","test":"Measure retained dust.","contrary_result":"Cleaning follows total liquid volume only.","status":"Untested; novelty unverified"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v8/selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v8/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v8--S8-0821","id":"S8-0821","volume":"900v8","title":"A pair of glass slides could release a capillary bridge at lower force after a controlled lateral microstep.","prediction":"A pair of glass slides could release a capillary bridge at lower force after a controlled lateral microstep.","test":"Measure interface and force.","contrary":"Release follows separation alone.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v8/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S8-0821","hypothesis":"A pair of glass slides could release a capillary bridge at lower force after a controlled lateral microstep.","test":"Measure interface and force.","contrary_result":"Release follows separation alone.","status":"Untested; novelty unverified"},"lead":{"id":"S8-0821","hypothesis":"A pair of glass slides could release a capillary bridge at lower force after a controlled lateral microstep.","test":"Measure interface and force.","contrary_result":"Release follows separation alone.","status":"Untested; novelty unverified","selection_rationale":"A reversible lateral step provides a simple adhesion perturbation.","selection_basis":"subjective apparatus feasibility, observability and mechanism diversity; not a truth probability"},"dossier":{"id":"S8-0821","hypothesis":"A pair of glass slides could release a capillary bridge at lower force after a controlled lateral microstep.","test":"Measure interface and force.","contrary_result":"Release follows separation alone.","status":"Untested; novelty unverified"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v8/selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v8/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v8--S8-0832","id":"S8-0832","volume":"900v8","title":"A bead-filled flexible pouch could absorb more rebound energy when one corner is slightly vented.","prediction":"A bead-filled flexible pouch could absorb more rebound energy when one corner is slightly vented.","test":"Measure pressure and rebound.","contrary":"Full sealing always maximizes absorption.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical","energy","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v8/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S8-0832","hypothesis":"A bead-filled flexible pouch could absorb more rebound energy when one corner is slightly vented.","test":"Measure pressure and rebound.","contrary_result":"Full sealing always maximizes absorption.","status":"Untested; novelty unverified"},"lead":{"id":"S8-0832","hypothesis":"A bead-filled flexible pouch could absorb more rebound energy when one corner is slightly vented.","test":"Measure pressure and rebound.","contrary_result":"Full sealing always maximizes absorption.","status":"Untested; novelty unverified","selection_rationale":"A reversible vent isolates pneumatic contribution to rebound.","selection_basis":"subjective apparatus feasibility, observability and mechanism diversity; not a truth probability"},"dossier":{"id":"S8-0832","hypothesis":"A bead-filled flexible pouch could absorb more rebound energy when one corner is slightly vented.","test":"Measure pressure and rebound.","contrary_result":"Full sealing always maximizes absorption.","status":"Untested; novelty unverified"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v8/selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v8/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v8--S8-0840","id":"S8-0840","volume":"900v8","title":"A lightly compressed sponge could release a dissolved harmless tracer in a sharper pulse after partial unloading.","prediction":"A lightly compressed sponge could release a dissolved harmless tracer in a sharper pulse after partial unloading.","test":"Measure flow and concentration.","contrary":"Unloading only broadens release.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v8/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S8-0840","hypothesis":"A lightly compressed sponge could release a dissolved harmless tracer in a sharper pulse after partial unloading.","test":"Measure flow and concentration.","contrary_result":"Unloading only broadens release.","status":"Untested; novelty unverified"},"lead":{"id":"S8-0840","hypothesis":"A lightly compressed sponge could release a dissolved harmless tracer in a sharper pulse after partial unloading.","test":"Measure flow and concentration.","contrary_result":"Unloading only broadens release.","status":"Untested; novelty unverified","selection_rationale":"Outlet flow and concentration separate pulse sharpening from volume release.","selection_basis":"subjective apparatus feasibility, observability and mechanism diversity; not a truth probability"},"dossier":{"id":"S8-0840","hypothesis":"A lightly compressed sponge could release a dissolved harmless tracer in a sharper pulse after partial unloading.","test":"Measure flow and concentration.","contrary_result":"Unloading only broadens release.","status":"Untested; novelty unverified"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v8/selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v8/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v8--S8-0845","id":"S8-0845","volume":"900v8","title":"A glass capillary pair could synchronize filling pauses through a shared flexible support.","prediction":"A glass capillary pair could synchronize filling pauses through a shared flexible support.","test":"Measure fronts and support motion.","contrary":"Pauses remain independent.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v8/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S8-0845","hypothesis":"A glass capillary pair could synchronize filling pauses through a shared flexible support.","test":"Measure fronts and support motion.","contrary_result":"Pauses remain independent.","status":"Untested; novelty unverified"},"lead":{"id":"S8-0845","hypothesis":"A glass capillary pair could synchronize filling pauses through a shared flexible support.","test":"Measure fronts and support motion.","contrary_result":"Pauses remain independent.","status":"Untested; novelty unverified","selection_rationale":"Support compliance can be blocked while preserving common fluid conditions.","selection_basis":"subjective apparatus feasibility, observability and mechanism diversity; not a truth probability"},"dossier":{"id":"S8-0845","hypothesis":"A glass capillary pair could synchronize filling pauses through a shared flexible support.","test":"Measure fronts and support motion.","contrary_result":"Pauses remain independent.","status":"Untested; novelty unverified"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v8/selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v8/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v8--S8-0859","id":"S8-0859","volume":"900v8","title":"A thin salt layer could show a temporary conductivity plateau during monotonic water uptake.","prediction":"A thin salt layer could show a temporary conductivity plateau during monotonic water uptake.","test":"Measure composition and conductivity.","contrary":"Conductivity changes continuously without a plateau.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v8/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S8-0859","hypothesis":"A thin salt layer could show a temporary conductivity plateau during monotonic water uptake.","test":"Measure composition and conductivity.","contrary_result":"Conductivity changes continuously without a plateau.","status":"Untested; novelty unverified"},"lead":{"id":"S8-0859","hypothesis":"A thin salt layer could show a temporary conductivity plateau during monotonic water uptake.","test":"Measure composition and conductivity.","contrary_result":"Conductivity changes continuously without a plateau.","status":"Untested; novelty unverified","selection_rationale":"Conductivity can be compared with independently measured water uptake.","selection_basis":"subjective apparatus feasibility, observability and mechanism diversity; not a truth probability"},"dossier":{"id":"S8-0859","hypothesis":"A thin salt layer could show a temporary conductivity plateau during monotonic water uptake.","test":"Measure composition and conductivity.","contrary_result":"Conductivity changes continuously without a plateau.","status":"Untested; novelty unverified"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v8/selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v8/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":true},{"uid":"900v8--S8-0898","id":"S8-0898","volume":"900v8","title":"A small vented cavity could have lower pressure overshoot after a short inlet pause than uninterrupted equal-volume inflow.","prediction":"A small vented cavity could have lower pressure overshoot after a short inlet pause than uninterrupted equal-volume inflow.","test":"Measure flow histories and pressure.","contrary":"Only delivered volume matters.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v8/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S8-0898","hypothesis":"A small vented cavity could have lower pressure overshoot after a short inlet pause than uninterrupted equal-volume inflow.","test":"Measure flow histories and pressure.","contrary_result":"Only delivered volume matters.","status":"Untested; novelty unverified"},"lead":{"id":"S8-0898","hypothesis":"A small vented cavity could have lower pressure overshoot after a short inlet pause than uninterrupted equal-volume inflow.","test":"Measure flow histories and pressure.","contrary_result":"Only delivered volume matters.","status":"Untested; novelty unverified","selection_rationale":"Equal delivered volume provides a decisive pressure-history contrast.","selection_basis":"subjective apparatus feasibility, observability and mechanism diversity; not a truth probability"},"dossier":{"id":"S8-0898","hypothesis":"A small vented cavity could have lower pressure overshoot after a short inlet pause than uninterrupted equal-volume inflow.","test":"Measure flow histories and pressure.","contrary_result":"Only delivered volume matters.","status":"Untested; novelty unverified"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v8/selected90.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v8/Selected9.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v9--S9-0253","id":"S9-0253","volume":"900v9","title":"A trapped air pocket could delay crack propagation more when slightly vented than fully sealed.","prediction":"A trapped air pocket could delay crack propagation more when slightly vented than fully sealed.","test":"Compare fracture with calibrated vents.","contrary":"Delay increases monotonically with sealing.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v9/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S9-0253","hypothesis":"A trapped air pocket could delay crack propagation more when slightly vented than fully sealed.","test":"Compare fracture with calibrated vents.","contrary_result":"Delay increases monotonically with sealing.","status":"Untested proposal","novelty":"Unverified; familiar mechanisms and prior art may apply"},"lead":{"id":"S9-0253","hypothesis":"A trapped air pocket could delay crack propagation more when slightly vented than fully sealed.","test":"Compare fracture with calibrated vents.","contrary_result":"Delay increases monotonically with sealing.","status":"Untested proposal","novelty":"Unverified; familiar mechanisms and prior art may apply","research_query":"air cavity venting crack propagation fracture experiment","selection_reason":"Vent size is a controllable parameter with a falsifiable optimum."},"dossier":{"id":"S9-0253","hypothesis":"A trapped air pocket could delay crack propagation more when slightly vented than fully sealed.","test":"Compare fracture with calibrated vents.","contrary_result":"Delay increases monotonically with sealing.","status":"Untested proposal","novelty":"Unverified; familiar mechanisms and prior art may apply","research_query":"air cavity venting crack propagation fracture experiment","selection_reason":"Vent size is a controllable parameter with a falsifiable optimum.","rank":7,"title":"Partially vented air pocket near a propagating crack","reason":"An intermediate pneumatic damping optimum is mathematically plausible. Translation into slower fracture is uncertain, so this ranks below the direct recovery experiments.","evidence":"Exploratory searches found primary leads on throttled air chambers and pneumatic damping, but no accessed primary experiment established a crack-arrest advantage for the proposed geometry. These are mechanism leads, not fracture evidence.","sources":["https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%29HY.1943-7900.0000633"],"protocol":"Use transparent brittle model coupons containing identical rounded cavities and independently sized vents. Compare sealed, partially vented and freely vented cases under matched loading. Measure crack speed, local strain, cavity pressure and specimen geometry. A separate uncracked flexible-wall cavity should establish pneumatic response before attempting fracture tests. Vent drilling changes stress concentration and must be geometrically controlled.","analysis":"For an assumed linear cavity, C*p'+G*p=q0*cos(omega*t), with compliance C>0 and vent conductance G>0, average dissipated pneumatic power is q0^2*G/[2*(G^2+(omega*C)^2)]. Differentiating gives a unique maximum at G=omega*C. Both a perfectly sealed and a freely vented limit dissipate zero in this ideal model. This proves an intermediate dissipation optimum, not slower crack propagation; cavity stiffness and fracture-driving energy also change.","counterexample":"A sealed cavity may shield the crack elastically more than a vented one, or a vent may act as a notch and accelerate failure. Crack motion is broadband and nonstationary, so a harmonic optimum need not transfer.","decision":"First verify the pressure-response model and losses. Only then compare crack speed at matched applied energy release. A pressure-loss maximum alone does not support the crack-delay claim. Do not call this a completed fracture proof.","data":"time_s,coupon_id,vent_conductance_m3_per_Pa_s,cavity_pressure_Pa,crack_position_m,applied_force_N,displacement_m"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v9/90 Selections.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v9/9 Selections.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v9--S9-0547","id":"S9-0547","volume":"900v9","title":"A pine cone scale pair could desynchronize opening through asymmetric vapor shielding.","prediction":"A pine cone scale pair could desynchronize opening through asymmetric vapor shielding.","test":"Measure paired and isolated scales.","contrary":"Pairing changes amplitudes but not timing.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v9/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S9-0547","hypothesis":"A pine cone scale pair could desynchronize opening through asymmetric vapor shielding.","test":"Measure paired and isolated scales.","contrary_result":"Pairing changes amplitudes but not timing.","status":"Untested proposal","novelty":"Unverified; familiar mechanisms and prior art may apply"},"lead":{"id":"S9-0547","hypothesis":"A pine cone scale pair could desynchronize opening through asymmetric vapor shielding.","test":"Measure paired and isolated scales.","contrary_result":"Pairing changes amplitudes but not timing.","status":"Untested proposal","novelty":"Unverified; familiar mechanisms and prior art may apply","research_query":"pine cone paired scale vapor shielding opening experiment","selection_reason":"Paired versus separated controls isolate vapor interaction."},"dossier":{"id":"S9-0547","hypothesis":"A pine cone scale pair could desynchronize opening through asymmetric vapor shielding.","test":"Measure paired and isolated scales.","contrary_result":"Pairing changes amplitudes but not timing.","status":"Untested proposal","novelty":"Unverified; familiar mechanisms and prior art may apply","research_query":"pine cone paired scale vapor shielding opening experiment","selection_reason":"Paired versus separated controls isolate vapor interaction.","rank":9,"title":"Vapor shielding between paired pine scales","reason":"Pair geometry and the time of opening are accessible independent variables. This question concerns external vapor interaction rather than the well-established internal hygromorph lag; exact novelty remains unresolved.","evidence":"The Structural and Mechanical Basis for Passive-Hydraulic Pine Cone Actuation and Journey of water in pine cones were returned as primary-paper abstracts describing internal actuation and water paths. Focused queries for paired-scale vapor shielding did not identify an exact matching experiment in the returned leads. This is not a systematic or exhaustive novelty search. Existing internal hysteresis is a confound, not evidence of external shielding.","sources":["https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9284161/","https://doi.org/10.1038/srep09963","https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12498252/"],"protocol":"Equilibrate individually tracked nonliving scales, then apply the same drying humidity step. Compare isolated scales, symmetric pairs and asymmetric pairs at controlled gaps, avoiding mechanical contact. Reverse which scale is sheltered. Measure each angle, mass where feasible, local humidity, temperature and airflow. Use inert shape-matched shields and open frames to separate vapor shielding from aerodynamic drag and radiative heating.","analysis":"Assume each normalized moisture state satisfies tau_i*m_i'=h-m_i. After a humidity step, the time to any common fractional recovery f is -tau_i*ln(1-f). Different external transfer resistance can therefore create an opening-time difference if it changes tau_i and angle tracks moisture. Identical time constants predict no desynchronization. This is a conditional transport consequence; no measurement establishes that the chosen pair geometry changes transfer resistance sufficiently.","counterexample":"Internal specimen variability can dominate timing even in isolation. Equal external shielding may slow both scales equally without desynchronizing them. Physical contact, unequal temperature or changing airflow could mimic the effect.","decision":"Predefine opening fraction and estimate each scale's isolated baseline time before pairing. Support requires a paired-minus-isolated timing interaction that reverses when sheltering is exchanged, beyond baseline specimen variation. Slowing both equally does not support asymmetric desynchronization. Report independent cones and never treat time samples as independent specimens.","data":"time_s,cone_id,scale_id,pair_layout,gap_m,local_humidity,temperature_C,air_speed_m_s,angle_rad"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v9/90 Selections.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v9/9 Selections.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v9--S9-0566","id":"S9-0566","volume":"900v9","title":"A dry moss branch could regain elasticity before completing water uptake.","prediction":"A dry moss branch could regain elasticity before completing water uptake.","test":"Measure modulus and mass simultaneously.","contrary":"Elasticity follows total uptake only.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v9/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S9-0566","hypothesis":"A dry moss branch could regain elasticity before completing water uptake.","test":"Measure modulus and mass simultaneously.","contrary_result":"Elasticity follows total uptake only.","status":"Untested proposal","novelty":"Unverified; familiar mechanisms and prior art may apply"},"lead":{"id":"S9-0566","hypothesis":"A dry moss branch could regain elasticity before completing water uptake.","test":"Measure modulus and mass simultaneously.","contrary_result":"Elasticity follows total uptake only.","status":"Untested proposal","novelty":"Unverified; familiar mechanisms and prior art may apply","research_query":"moss rehydration elasticity water uptake kinetics experiment","selection_reason":"Mass and stiffness supply independent recovery clocks."},"dossier":{"id":"S9-0566","hypothesis":"A dry moss branch could regain elasticity before completing water uptake.","test":"Measure modulus and mass simultaneously.","contrary_result":"Elasticity follows total uptake only.","status":"Untested proposal","novelty":"Unverified; familiar mechanisms and prior art may apply","research_query":"moss rehydration elasticity water uptake kinetics experiment","selection_reason":"Mass and stiffness supply independent recovery clocks.","rank":3,"title":"Mechanical recovery before complete moss rehydration","reason":"Two independent recovery clocks make the claim falsifiable. Suitable local nonprotected moss and careful handling are needed; species and branch geometry can dominate the result.","evidence":"Perera-Castro et al., Desiccation tolerance in bryophytes relates to elasticity but is independent of cell wall thickness and photosynthesis (2022), accessible primary abstract, links elasticity with desiccation tolerance across species. It does not report that branch stiffness recovers before water uptake in this experiment.","sources":["https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9314017/"],"protocol":"Measure small-force bending stiffness and mass on the same branch during a standardized rehydration, using forces verified not to damage it. Correct for changing length and cross-section rather than using force alone. Include fully wet and dry baselines, nonliving cellulose controls, temperature monitoring and repeated cycles. Separate stiffness from turgor-driven shape changes using images.","analysis":"Assume a mechanically important compartment hydrates as xf=1-exp(-t/tauf), while a slower reservoir hydrates as xs=1-exp(-t/taus), taus>tauf. If normalized stiffness follows xf and normalized uptake is (1-a)*xf+a*xs with0<a<1, uptake is strictly below stiffness for finite positive time. The time for uptake to reach90% therefore exceeds tauf*ln(10). The assumed compartment-to-stiffness mapping is the untested part.","counterexample":"If load-bearing cell walls hydrate more slowly than storage pores, stiffness can recover last. Surface water biases mass upward; evolving geometry can falsely imply stiffness recovery.","decision":"Compare prespecified90% recovery times with uncertainty from mass and stiffness measurements. Recovery must be toward the original wet reference rather than a newly damaged state. Do not substitute photosynthesis recovery for mechanical recovery.","data":"time_s,branch_id,cycle,mass_g,length_m,section_m2,force_N,deflection_m,temperature_C"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v9/90 Selections.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v9/9 Selections.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v9--S9-0578","id":"S9-0578","volume":"900v9","title":"A detached petal could recover color before recovering mechanical stiffness after rehydration.","prediction":"A detached petal could recover color before recovering mechanical stiffness after rehydration.","test":"Measure spectrum and modulus.","contrary":"Both recover on the same curve.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v9/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S9-0578","hypothesis":"A detached petal could recover color before recovering mechanical stiffness after rehydration.","test":"Measure spectrum and modulus.","contrary_result":"Both recover on the same curve.","status":"Untested proposal","novelty":"Unverified; familiar mechanisms and prior art may apply"},"lead":{"id":"S9-0578","hypothesis":"A detached petal could recover color before recovering mechanical stiffness after rehydration.","test":"Measure spectrum and modulus.","contrary_result":"Both recover on the same curve.","status":"Untested proposal","novelty":"Unverified; familiar mechanisms and prior art may apply","research_query":"petal rehydration color stiffness recovery kinetics experiment","selection_reason":"Optics and mechanical stiffness can be measured independently."},"dossier":{"id":"S9-0578","hypothesis":"A detached petal could recover color before recovering mechanical stiffness after rehydration.","test":"Measure spectrum and modulus.","contrary_result":"Both recover on the same curve.","status":"Untested proposal","novelty":"Unverified; familiar mechanisms and prior art may apply","research_query":"petal rehydration color stiffness recovery kinetics experiment","selection_reason":"Optics and mechanical stiffness can be measured independently.","rank":4,"title":"Separate optical and mechanical clocks in petal rehydration","reason":"The observables are accessible, but ordering is less strongly supported than feasibility. This is a screening experiment rather than an expectation that all petals recover.","evidence":"The organ-specific role for ethylene in rose petal expansion during dehydration and rehydration (2013), primary publisher search record, concerns rehydration and petal expansion. Direct opening failed. Additional pigment and drying searches returned related work but no verified color-versus-stiffness recovery ordering. The evidence gap is material.","sources":["https://academic.oup.com/jxb/article/64/8/2333/645315"],"protocol":"Use petals from the same flower source, mild reversible dehydration, calibrated diffuse illumination, a color reference and gentle bending measurements. Track reflectance spectra, water mass, geometry and stiffness during recovery. Compare paired petals when one cannot undergo both tests without damage. Include never-dried and permanently damaged controls. Correct apparent color for curvature, viewing angle and specular reflection.","analysis":"If normalized optical recovery C=1-exp(-t/tauc) and mechanical recovery M=1-exp(-t/taum), color reaches any common fractional threshold first exactly when tauc<taum. At90%, times are tauc*ln(10) and taum*ln(10). This is an identifiability condition, not evidence that the inequality holds. Multi-stage pigment changes may invalidate the first-order approximation.","counterexample":"Optics may recover slowly because of irreversible pigment change, or mechanics may recover rapidly through turgor. A color shift caused solely by changing viewing geometry would not support the physiological interpretation.","decision":"Predeclare a spectral distance from the original hydrated state and a mechanical recovery fraction. Fit each curve separately and report uncertainty and nonrecovering specimens. Treat unsuccessful restoration as a result, not an excluded trial.","data":"time_s,petal_id,mass_g,spectral_distance,stiffness_N_per_m,curvature_per_m,temperature_C"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v9/90 Selections.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v9/9 Selections.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v9--S9-0607","id":"S9-0607","volume":"900v9","title":"A thin sediment crust could suppress dust emission more after one partial rewetting than after full saturation and drying.","prediction":"A thin sediment crust could suppress dust emission more after one partial rewetting than after full saturation and drying.","test":"Match final moisture.","contrary":"Strength depends only on final density.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":[],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v9/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S9-0607","hypothesis":"A thin sediment crust could suppress dust emission more after one partial rewetting than after full saturation and drying.","test":"Match final moisture.","contrary_result":"Strength depends only on final density.","status":"Untested proposal","novelty":"Unverified; familiar mechanisms and prior art may apply"},"lead":{"id":"S9-0607","hypothesis":"A thin sediment crust could suppress dust emission more after one partial rewetting than after full saturation and drying.","test":"Match final moisture.","contrary_result":"Strength depends only on final density.","status":"Untested proposal","novelty":"Unverified; familiar mechanisms and prior art may apply","research_query":"soil crust wetting drying history wind erosion experiment","selection_reason":"Water history can be changed while matching final moisture."},"dossier":{"id":"S9-0607","hypothesis":"A thin sediment crust could suppress dust emission more after one partial rewetting than after full saturation and drying.","test":"Match final moisture.","contrary_result":"Strength depends only on final density.","status":"Untested proposal","novelty":"Unverified; familiar mechanisms and prior art may apply","research_query":"soil crust wetting drying history wind erosion experiment","selection_reason":"Water history can be changed while matching final moisture.","rank":5,"title":"Partial wetting versus full wetting in sediment-crust protection","reason":"Direct erosion measurements and controlled final moisture are feasible. Mineral composition may reverse the effect, and related crust-history research makes broad novelty unlikely.","evidence":"Ishizuka et al. (2008), accessible primary abstract, relates weak raindroplet crusts and moisture to dust emission. A2026 primary publisher lead addresses wetting-drying alternation in sodium-sulfate crusts; direct access was rate-limited and its findings were not verified. Neither source is taken as proof of a partial-versus-full optimum.","sources":["https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009955","https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/17/8/794"],"protocol":"Prepare identical trays of clean nonhazardous sediment. Compare partial wetting, complete saturation and untreated controls, then condition to the same measured final water content. Keep droplet impact, salt inventory, drying temperature and packing history recorded. Measure crust strength and mass loss under the same enclosed airflow. Capture emitted material rather than dispersing dust into the room.","analysis":"A phenomenological strength S(w)=S0+a*w-b*w^2, a,b>0, has a maximum at w=a/(2b). For partial dose p and full dose f with0<p<f, S(p)>S(f) exactly when b*(p+f)>a. This illustrates competing consolidation and damage, but assumes their signs and functional form. It supplies no fitted soil constants and no physical proof.","counterexample":"If full wetting cements more strongly without slaking, b may be negligible and the proposed advantage disappears. Equal water content is insufficient if final density or salt distribution differs.","decision":"Primary outcome is captured mass loss at a specified airflow, with crust strength a secondary mechanism measure. Report moisture, density and cracks. Support needs replicated lower erosion after partial wetting; do not infer the result from indentation strength alone.","data":"tray_id,wetting_history,water_dose_g,final_water_fraction,dry_density_kg_m3,air_speed_m_s,mass_loss_g,crust_strength_Pa"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v9/90 Selections.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v9/9 Selections.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v9--S9-0627","id":"S9-0627","volume":"900v9","title":"A floating pumice-like particle could switch its preferred orientation during gas dissolution before sinking.","prediction":"A floating pumice-like particle could switch its preferred orientation during gas dissolution before sinking.","test":"Track gas and orientation.","contrary":"Orientation changes only after sinking begins.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":[],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v9/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S9-0627","hypothesis":"A floating pumice-like particle could switch its preferred orientation during gas dissolution before sinking.","test":"Track gas and orientation.","contrary_result":"Orientation changes only after sinking begins.","status":"Untested proposal","novelty":"Unverified; familiar mechanisms and prior art may apply"},"lead":{"id":"S9-0627","hypothesis":"A floating pumice-like particle could switch its preferred orientation during gas dissolution before sinking.","test":"Track gas and orientation.","contrary_result":"Orientation changes only after sinking begins.","status":"Untested proposal","novelty":"Unverified; familiar mechanisms and prior art may apply","research_query":"pumice flotation orientation gas dissolution experiment","selection_reason":"Buoyant orientation and sinking onset are imageable."},"dossier":{"id":"S9-0627","hypothesis":"A floating pumice-like particle could switch its preferred orientation during gas dissolution before sinking.","test":"Track gas and orientation.","contrary_result":"Orientation changes only after sinking begins.","status":"Untested proposal","novelty":"Unverified; familiar mechanisms and prior art may apply","research_query":"pumice flotation orientation gas dissolution experiment","selection_reason":"Buoyant orientation and sinking onset are imageable.","rank":2,"title":"Orientation change of a floating porous clast before sinking","reason":"Rotation and sinking can be observed directly. Published gas-trapping work supplies a plausible changing mass-distribution mechanism, but the proposed orientation switch is not established.","evidence":"Trapped bubbles keep pumice afloat and gas diffusion makes pumice sink, EPSL (2017), primary search-returned abstract and article excerpts, reports gas trapping and diffusion-controlled loss of flotation. A later direct publisher request returned403. The source supports buoyancy evolution, not the claimed orientation switch.","sources":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.11.055"],"protocol":"Float naturally porous clasts individually in covered, temperature-controlled water. Mark axes with minimal added mass; photograph from above and the side. Track angle, submerged fraction and first loss of flotation. Measure dry geometry and final water uptake. Include dense nonporous replicas and clasts with more symmetric pore structure. Gentle release and quiescent-water controls exclude placement torque and circulation.","analysis":"For small angle theta, an assumed hydrostatic energy U=(K(t)/2)*theta^2+(B/4)*theta^4, B>0, has theta=0 stable for K>0. If K becomes negative, stable minima occur at plus or minus sqrt(-K/B). An orientation bifurcation can therefore precede sinking if K crosses zero while positive buoyancy reserve remains. That ordering is a condition to test, not a prediction derived for real pumice. Hydrostatic coefficients and mass distributions have not been measured.","counterexample":"Uniform gas loss may leave the stability coefficient positive until sinking. Surface tension, nonspherical contact geometry and water motion may dominate apparent rotation. Rotation alone does not establish diffusion causation.","decision":"Specify an angle threshold from tracking error before observation. Count a switch only while the clast still has an air-water contact and positive flotation reserve. Report every clast and elapsed observation limits; long flotation times may make this slower than other experiments.","data":"time_s,clast_id,angle_rad,submerged_fraction,temperature_C,floating,estimated_water_uptake_g"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v9/90 Selections.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v9/9 Selections.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v9--S9-0643","id":"S9-0643","volume":"900v9","title":"A snow-like ice aggregate could sinter faster under alternating weak loads than constant load at equal mean pressure.","prediction":"A snow-like ice aggregate could sinter faster under alternating weak loads than constant load at equal mean pressure.","test":"Measure neck growth.","contrary":"Only mean pressure matters.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v9/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S9-0643","hypothesis":"A snow-like ice aggregate could sinter faster under alternating weak loads than constant load at equal mean pressure.","test":"Measure neck growth.","contrary_result":"Only mean pressure matters.","status":"Untested proposal","novelty":"Unverified; familiar mechanisms and prior art may apply"},"lead":{"id":"S9-0643","hypothesis":"A snow-like ice aggregate could sinter faster under alternating weak loads than constant load at equal mean pressure.","test":"Measure neck growth.","contrary_result":"Only mean pressure matters.","status":"Untested proposal","novelty":"Unverified; familiar mechanisms and prior art may apply","research_query":"ice sintering cyclic load neck growth experiment","selection_reason":"Matched mean pressure tests the role of loading variation."},"dossier":{"id":"S9-0643","hypothesis":"A snow-like ice aggregate could sinter faster under alternating weak loads than constant load at equal mean pressure.","test":"Measure neck growth.","contrary_result":"Only mean pressure matters.","status":"Untested proposal","novelty":"Unverified; familiar mechanisms and prior art may apply","research_query":"ice sintering cyclic load neck growth experiment","selection_reason":"Matched mean pressure tests the role of loading variation.","rank":6,"title":"Ice-neck growth under alternating weak load","reason":"Microscopy can measure neck growth directly. Mean-load matching gives a precise comparison, but vapor transport, temperature drift and contact damage can overwhelm any nonlinear loading benefit.","evidence":"Demmenie, Woutersen and Bonn, Ice Sintering by Sublimation and Condensation (2025), accessible primary abstract, identifies vapor-mediated sintering under equilibrium conditions. It explicitly cautions against conflating ice sintering and snow densification. The proposed cyclic-load benefit is not reported by the accessed abstract.","sources":["https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11874037/"],"protocol":"Observe matched ice-particle contacts in a stable cold, humidity-controlled chamber. Apply constant load or small alternating load with the same mean and duration. Record force, displacement, neck radius, particle size, temperature and vapor conditions. Include unloaded and vibration-only controls. Verify that loading does not create fracture, frictional heating or bulk melting.","analysis":"If neck-area growth is assumed to obey dA/dt=k*F^n at fixed thermal and vapor conditions, convexity gives mean(F^n)>=mean(F)^n for n>1. Cyclic load can then increase growth relative to its mean load. For n=1 the model predicts equality; for0<n<1 it predicts a decrease. Neither n nor a force-only growth law has been established here.","counterexample":"Vapor-dominated growth may be effectively force independent. Load reversals can break new necks, and cyclic frictional heating can mimic faster growth without the proposed mechanism.","decision":"Predefine a neck-area growth interval and retain damaged contacts as a separate reported outcome. Estimate rather than assume the force dependence. A faster change in bulk height alone is not evidence of faster sintering.","data":"time_s,contact_id,load_history,force_N,displacement_m,neck_radius_m,particle_radius_m,temperature_C,relative_humidity"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v9/90 Selections.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v9/9 Selections.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":true},{"uid":"900v9--S9-0730","id":"S9-0730","volume":"900v9","title":"A reversible granular clamp could retain more load after a small reverse displacement than after monotonic tightening.","prediction":"A reversible granular clamp could retain more load after a small reverse displacement than after monotonic tightening.","test":"Measure force and contact network.","contrary":"Tightening history gives no benefit.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v9/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S9-0730","hypothesis":"A reversible granular clamp could retain more load after a small reverse displacement than after monotonic tightening.","test":"Measure force and contact network.","contrary_result":"Tightening history gives no benefit.","status":"Untested proposal","novelty":"Unverified; familiar mechanisms and prior art may apply"},"lead":{"id":"S9-0730","hypothesis":"A reversible granular clamp could retain more load after a small reverse displacement than after monotonic tightening.","test":"Measure force and contact network.","contrary_result":"Tightening history gives no benefit.","status":"Untested proposal","novelty":"Unverified; familiar mechanisms and prior art may apply","research_query":"granular clamp reverse displacement load retention experiment","selection_reason":"Force and contact rearrangement provide direct evidence."},"dossier":{"id":"S9-0730","hypothesis":"A reversible granular clamp could retain more load after a small reverse displacement than after monotonic tightening.","test":"Measure force and contact network.","contrary_result":"Tightening history gives no benefit.","status":"Untested proposal","novelty":"Unverified; familiar mechanisms and prior art may apply","research_query":"granular clamp reverse displacement load retention experiment","selection_reason":"Force and contact rearrangement provide direct evidence.","rank":1,"title":"A small reverse displacement before granular clamping","reason":"Holding force and imposed motion are direct measurements. The claim concerns a particular preparation path, while granular gripping itself is established prior art.","evidence":"Brown et al., Universal robotic gripper based on the jamming of granular material (2010), accessible primary abstract and experiment descriptions, separates friction, suction and interlocking contributions. It does not establish a benefit of the proposed reverse preparation displacement.","sources":["https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2973877/"],"protocol":"Use a small granular sleeve and a rough, nonporous test object, with an additional porous-object control to reduce suction. Compare monotonic seating with seating followed by a short reverse displacement and return to the identical final position. Match confining pressure, dwell, peak seating load and total final geometry as closely as feasible. Record pullout force versus displacement, contact area, pressure and sleeve deformation. Randomize fresh packings and disclose differences in input work.","analysis":"A conditional friction model is F=mu*N+I+S, where I denotes interlocking and S suction. Reverse preparation improves F precisely when mu*DeltaN+DeltaI+DeltaS>0 for fixed mu. The equation identifies necessary measurements; it does not predict the signs. A positive force difference that disappears on the porous object implicates suction rather than contact-network improvement.","counterexample":"Reversal can dilate the bed, reduce normal force, or disengage interlocking and thus lower retention. Equal final position does not imply equal packing or equal mechanical work.","decision":"Primary endpoint is maximum pullout force. Report all force curves and packing replicates, not only the largest result. Support requires a reproducible benefit after pressure and geometry matching; attribute mechanism only with contact or suction controls. This remains an untested empirical inequality.","data":"packing_id,history,pressure_Pa,position_m,pullout_force_N,contact_area_m2,input_work_J"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v9/90 Selections.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v9/9 Selections.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false},{"uid":"900v9--S9-0753","id":"S9-0753","volume":"900v9","title":"A self-venting cavity could reduce pressure spikes more when its opening is slightly misaligned.","prediction":"A self-venting cavity could reduce pressure spikes more when its opening is slightly misaligned.","test":"Measure vent flow and pressure.","contrary":"Perfect alignment always performs best.","layers":[1,2,3],"categories":["physical","measurement"],"evidence":"Literature-informed proposal","dataset":"Not yet assessed","source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/900v9/Hypotheses.json","original":{"id":"S9-0753","hypothesis":"A self-venting cavity could reduce pressure spikes more when its opening is slightly misaligned.","test":"Measure vent flow and pressure.","contrary_result":"Perfect alignment always performs best.","status":"Untested proposal","novelty":"Unverified; familiar mechanisms and prior art may apply"},"lead":{"id":"S9-0753","hypothesis":"A self-venting cavity could reduce pressure spikes more when its opening is slightly misaligned.","test":"Measure vent flow and pressure.","contrary_result":"Perfect alignment always performs best.","status":"Untested proposal","novelty":"Unverified; familiar mechanisms and prior art may apply","research_query":"vent cavity misalignment pressure peak experiment","selection_reason":"Opening offset is a reproducible geometric parameter."},"dossier":{"id":"S9-0753","hypothesis":"A self-venting cavity could reduce pressure spikes more when its opening is slightly misaligned.","test":"Measure vent flow and pressure.","contrary_result":"Perfect alignment always performs best.","status":"Untested proposal","novelty":"Unverified; familiar mechanisms and prior art may apply","research_query":"vent cavity misalignment pressure peak experiment","selection_reason":"Opening offset is a reproducible geometric parameter.","rank":8,"title":"A small vent offset and transient pressure relief","reason":"Geometry is inexpensive to vary and a null result is useful. The sign of the effect is not established, making this an exploratory final selection rather than a high-confidence prediction.","evidence":"Experiments and Simulations on the Factors Governing Fast Transient Responses in Cavity Discharge (2026) is a primary publisher lead returned by search. Direct opening was rate-limited. Its actual results and relevance to offset were not verified; no positive source support is claimed.","sources":["https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/16/7/3535"],"protocol":"Use a low-pressure air cavity with identical vent area, thickness and inlet pulse. Shift the vent relative to the inflow axis while keeping volume fixed. Measure fast pressure at several positions, actual inlet flow and vent flow. Compare offset and centered layouts in randomized order, with a long-duration pulse control and swapped sensor positions. Use an unpressurized or very low-pressure prototype before any apparatus capable of storing substantial energy.","analysis":"A spatially uniform model C*p'+G*p=q(t) predicts identical responses for equal C,G regardless of position. Thus this hypothesis requires distributed flow, inertance or an offset-dependent effective conductance. For a rectangular inlet pulse q0 of duration T, ppeak=(q0/G)*(1-exp(-G*T/C)). This decreases with G, so offset lowers the peak only if it increases effective G or changes dynamics beyond the lumped model. That missing mechanism must be measured.","counterexample":"Offset may increase path loss and reduce conductance, raising peak pressure. A local pressure reduction at one sensor may merely move the peak elsewhere.","decision":"Primary outcome is the largest measured cavity pressure across all sensors. Require equal delivered inlet flow histories and report spatial maxima. If only one local sensor improves, reject the global pressure-relief interpretation. This dossier supplies a test and null model, not proof of benefit.","data":"time_s,layout_id,vent_offset_m,inlet_flow_m3_s,vent_flow_m3_s,pressure_sensor_id,pressure_Pa,temperature_C"},"selection_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/90v9/90 Selections.json","dossier_source":"https://incoprea.com/research-library/studies-900s-discovery-v2/sources/9v9/9 Selections.json","review_status":"Novelty review pending","review_date":null,"review_scope":"No completed literature review supplied","closest_precedent":"Not yet assessed","novelty_distinction":"Not yet assessed","suggested_review_target":false}]